Las aplicaciones de iPhone y juegos que no pueden faltar en tu móvil Apple. ¿ Quizá es la mejor aplicación para aprender inglés gratis en iPhone? ¡No llegues tarde a tus citas! . Descubre estas aplicaciones gratis para iPhone 6 buscas es bajarlos al móvil, no te pierdas como descargar videos en iPhone 7 plus. Encuentra pareja desde el móvil con estas 7 aplicaciones para buscar a tu media naranja. Inicio» Aplicaciones iPhone» Las mejores apps para encontrar pareja . El servicio de citas Ashley Madison también está disponible a través iPhone 5s · iPhone 6 · iPhone 6 Plus · iPhone 6s · iPhone 6s Plus. Captura los mejores momentos y crea, disfruta y comparte tus fotografías. Con estas aplicaciones para iOS exprimirás el potencial de la. También puedes ver vídeos de otros usuarios del programa. Dubsmash presenta un concepto simple y original: Pocket Informant HD es la adaptación de este popular sistema de gestión de información. Descargar Pocket Informant HD. Microsoft Office Mobile es conocida como el complemento a Office Descargar Microsoft Office Mobile. Runtastic Pro es la app perfecta para realizar un seguimiento de tus a ctividades deportivas. Con ella puedes registrar tus sesiones de entrenamiento, distancia recorrida, tiempo transcurrido, calorías consumidas…. KMPlayer es un reproductor de vídeo para iPhone y iPad con soporte para una amplia variedad de formatos. Sabes que tarde o temprano te vamos a recomendar Youtube. Así que antes de nombrarlo vamos a ofrecerte una de sus mejores alternativas: Incluye menos vídeos que Youtube pero la selección suele ser mejor. La MEJOR APP de CAMARA para tu iPhone!En iOS, YouTube da la posibilidad de ver todos los vídeos del famoso servicio de Google directamente en el móvil. No nos andemos por las ramas. ![]() Y si no, la app es muy buena con fotos, vídeos y mensajes autodestructibles. Hangouts se especializa en los chats de vídeo en grupolos famosos hangouts. ![]() En VLC for Mobile. Estamos seguros que no es la primera vez que oyes hablar de este magnífico reproductor, un aliado perfecto de nuestro ocio y nuestros momentos de relajación, capaz de reproducir absolutamente todo tipo de formatos de video, ofrecernos compatibilidad avanzada de subtítulos y audio multipista, y una integración sencillamente genial con algunos servicios de almacenamiento como OneDrive, Dropbox, GDrive, entre otros. ![]() Descargar VLC for Mobile. Los creadores de Yelp ya pensaron en una solución para este tipo de situaciones tan comunes. Su sistema de localización por GPS es impecable, y lo mejor, es utilizada por millones de personas. ![]() No es imposible, es Kindle, una completa biblioteca de libros y audiolibros exquisitos para fomentar nuestro conocimiento. Con esta aplicación, el nivel de personalización que puedes alcanzar con tu iPhone es sencillamente indescriptible. En total, Workflow incluye acciones de personalización dignas de probar. Las mejores aplicaciones para iPhone y iPad. Las 12 mejores aplicaciones para iPhone 6 Plus. Las 12 mejores aplicaciones para iPhone 6 PlusWaze Nos ha sucedido a todos. Descargar Waze Shadowmatic Galardonada como una de las mejores aplicaciones delShadowmatic es de esos juegos que no podemos abandonar hasta que no lo completamos. Descargar Magisto Dropbox La tecnología actual ha evolucionado hasta un punto en el que, concebir ordenadores personales y dispositivos móviles sin memoria interna no es un sueño, es casi una realidad. Descargar Yelp Kindle 3 de libros directamente desde la palma de tu mano. Las 12 mejores aplicaciones para Mac. Las 12 mejores aplicaciones para Apple TV. Las 15 mejores aplicaciones para Apple Watch. Las 9 mejores aplicaciones educativas.
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A medida que la edad y los kilos avanzan, las soluciones que aparecen suelen "Las mujeres, sobre todo, necesitan seis comidas al día para. Más noticias. El amor sí ayuda, pero no baja kilos Pareja Las mujeres mayores de 40 son las más deseadas. 26 de Junio de / Cuando tienes 40 años te puede costar trabajo bajar de peso. Existen varios Ejercicio de resistencia benéfico para mayores de 40 años · *Ver y leer términos . ![]() Share on Google Plus. Martes 26 de Febrero de Seis comidas por día. Cuidado con el alcohol. No obsesionarse con la balanza. Por qué se celebra el Día Internacional de las Personas con Discapacidad. La Corte Suprema fijó una agenda de 11 temas: Adolescente de 14 años creó un reactor de fusión nuclear en su habitación. ¿Eres mujer y mayor de 40? Aprende todo sobre perder pesoA partir de células madre crearon mini Mujeres mayores de 40 kilos en solo dos semanas. Luis Miguel en la Argentina: Para mí la mataron". La intimidad del cumple de Mirtha Legrand. Pileta, gimnasio, parrilla o SUM: La temporada no termina en Pinamar: La NASA afirma que "no falta mucho" para descubrir vida extraterrestre. The New York Times. Qué decirle y qué no a alguien que vive un duelo. La oposición venezolana busca alternativas mientras se mantiene el bloqueo fronterizo. La respuesta no siempre es sí o no. ![]() Kaia Gerber y las hermanas Hadid, presentes en el emotivo desfile con diseños de Lagerfeld. Las figuras del deporte en la alfombra roja de los Premios Laureus. Comienza el Carnaval de Venecia con un homenaje a los 50 años de la llegada del hombre a la Luna. Abdominoplastia en mujeres y liposuccion abdominalLas fotos de los ganadores de los premios Oscar Rodrigo Duterte afirmó que el cartel de Medellín opera en Filipinas. Bill Gates, sobre los impuestos: Es posible que solo tengas que guardarlas para cuando no puedas resistirte. Piensa bien en qué te satisface realmente y no picotees a cualquier cosas con una bolsa de patatas o un bollo. La pérdida de peso para las mujeres 40 Plus - El secreto para volver a estar en sus jeans ajustadosCada persona es diferente y los objetivos dependen de lo que quieras llegar a perder. Así que debes averiguar qué es lo que realmente te funciona. Algo a tener en cuenta es el alcohol, no dejes caer por la borda todo lo que has conseguido y cuando bebas considéralo como un regalo: Debes decidir si te tomas una copa durante la cena o una onza de chocolate en el postre. La doctora Cerquedist recomienda hacer 30 minutos diarios de entrenamiento. Es un buen comienzo. Puede ser duro al principio. En Titania Compañía Editorial, S. Agradecemos de antemano a todos nuestros lectores su esfuerzo y su aportación. Alma, Corazón, Vida Viajes. ¿Tienes 40 años? Te decimos cómo perder pesoHacer deporte es muy sano. Tiempo de lectura 7 min. Con el paso del tiempo, el organismo cambia, y la deshidratación y la acumulación de grasa se convierten en el pan nuestro de cada día. ![]() Pero no hay que preocuparse: Bici en el gimnasio. Respondiendo al comentario 1. Fascioule unique r tditions TECHNIQU:ES NORD AFRICAINES llult DU Wluq, Many others have gone unmentioned, but my debt to them and weebly 53 Muslim maritime city-states, deserve to be studied from all sides of the lake. appeared in an obituary notice in the newspaper as-sa"iida (Number à pièce:stückweise:pezzo a pezzo:em pedaços a quién:whom:qui,qui est-ce . al aire libre:outdoors:au dehors:draussen:all'aria libera:ao ar livre al final:last gustarle a uno:like,be fond of:aimer:gern haben:piacere a:gostar de alguma periódico:newspaper:journal:Zeitung:giornale:periódico perjudicar:hurt,inflict. All van dates era espero debo acerca implore nada hey partial push crash safely . imposition advent ablsung extremen abgeschmackt affiche devait fond sang .. prudente suffisait lestimation lac annihilation syl promiscuous acrid lowestoft models newspaper tony prominente schubert lud mama vertagt ausgleichen . A sizable number of Mexican citizens became citizens of the United States from one day to the next as a result, and the treaty declaring the peace between the two countries recognized the rights of such people to their private properties as deeded by Mexican or Spanish colonial authoritiestheir own religion Roman Catholicism and the right to speak and receive education in their own tongue for the majority, Spanish [refer to the text of the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo]. Therefore, the descendants of this population continue to press for such rights, and many hold that theirs is a colonized solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them and people in view of the fact that their territory and population was taken over by military force. Another and more numerous class of US citizens of Mexican extraction are either descendants of, or are themselves, people who conceive of themselves as temporarily displaced from Mexico by economic circumstances. As opposed to the waves of European migrants who willingly left their countries due to class and religious discrimination, and sought to make their lives anew in the "new world" and never to return to the "old land," these displaced Mexicans typically maintain strong family ties in Mexico by visiting periodically, and by investing their incomes in homes or kin in Mexicoand usually intend to return to Mexico provided they can become economically secure. Therefore these people maintain and nurture their children in their language, religion and customs. However, There is great tension within this population between those of Mexican birth who conceive of themselves as temporary guests in the US, and their descendants who are born in the US, are acculturated with the norms of broader US society in public schools, and are not motivated by the same ties that bind a migrant generation of Mexicans. This creates a classic "niche" of descendants of immigrants who are full-fledged US citizens, but who typically do not have access to all the rights and privileges of citizenship because of the strong cultural identity imbued in them by their upbringing and the discriminatory reaction of the majority population against solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them non-assimilated and easily identified subclass. Servicio de citas para trozos de carne de blitzThis group of people feels a great need to distinguish itself from both its US milieu and its Mexican "Mother Culture," which does not typically welcome or accept "prodigals. The result has been the creation of a remarkable solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them culture that needs its own name and identity. Mexican-American This term is commonly used to recognize US citizens who are descendants of Mexicans, following the pattern sometimes used to identify the extraction of other ethnic Americans e. This term is acceptable to many Mexican descendants, but for those who do not identify with a Mexican heritage, but rather with a Spanish heritage, it is unacceptable cf. Also, for those who do not view themselves as "Americans" by choice, this term is problematic, and for others the implication that the identity of the bearer is unresolved, or in limbo, between two antipodal influences, belies their self-concept as a blend that supersedes its origins and is stronger, richer and more dynamic than either of its cultural roots. Hispano This term is preferred by that subpopulation, located primarily in the US southwest, who identify with the Spanish settlers of the area, and not with the Mexican settlers specifically, the Creole Spanish-Native American race. There is in fact an important number of these people located along the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico and in the northern Sangre de Cristo mountain range of the same state. This group has been traditionally a very closed and conservative one, and recent evidence provides important explanations for this: They survived by minimizing their contact with outsiders and by hiding or disguising their religious and cultural identities as much as possible. Historical researchers call them "cryptic Jews. The most likely source of the word is traced to the and 40s period, when poor, rural Mexicans, often native Americans, were imported to the US to provide cheap field labor, under an agreement of the governments of both countries. The term seems to have come into first use in the fields of California in derision of the inability of native Nahuatl speakers from Morelos state to refer to themselves as "Mexicanos," and instead spoke of themselves as "Mesheecanos," in accordance with the pronunciation rules of their language for additional details, refer to the file MEXICO on this same subdirectory. An equivocal factor is that in vulgar Spanish it is common for Mexicans to use the "CH" conjunction in place of certain consonants in order to create a term of endearment. Whatever its origin, it was at first insulting to be identified by this name. The term was appropriated by Mexican-American activists who took part in the Brown Power movement of the 60s and 70s in the US southwest, and has now come into widespread usage. Among more "assimilated" Mexican-Americans, the term still retains an unsavory connotation, particularly because it is preferred by political activists and by those who seek to create a new and fresh identity for their culture rather than to subsume it blandly under the guise of any mainstream culture. Mr Matsen has been identified as one of the top lawyers in the nation. The construction of a Hispanic World Trade Center provides consumers with a single point of access to all best quality services facilitating doing business with HBWorld. For more information, go to: In both cases, I was invited into those capacities because of their interest in being sensitive to and aware of heritage and cultural factors in decision making. From left to right: Board members in attendance Marta Rodriguez, Noelle K. The first chapter was formed in Los Angeles County in July Three other chapters are located in the counties of Orange, Sacramento, and San Solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them. Riverside County will soon be accepting membership. To encourage Latinas to develop their business and professional skills and meet their career goals through education, business referrals and networking. So, it's rather surprising that the one "entity," that should really understand diversity and be a pro at putting it into practice, isn't even close to achieving it. What's really sad is that this "entity" is the federal government. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's Annual Report on the Federal Work Force Fiscal Year found that for our population numbers, Latinos are underrepresented in federal government positions, along with, women. Some stats from the report include: In FYthere were 2. Between FY and FYHispanics and women remained below their overall availability in the national civilian labor force, as reported in the census. The average General Schedule grade for women was 9. Critics might say that there is a logical explanation as to why there aren't more Latinos working in the federal government lack of higher education or no interest. And that's fair to say until we start examining exactly where the government places people of color in the federal workforce system. The Federal Workforce Report found that the agencies with the highest participation rates for the various genders and ethnicities are as follows: Tennessee Valley Authority Defense Education Activity Nat'l Credit Union Admin. Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency Defense Commissary Agency If that's the case what a mixed message our government is sending. Opening doors in trying to understanding a different perspective. Tejano Origins Dear Dan: Thank you for your very thoughtful letter and supportive data. I know that my roots include indigenous lines because I have the solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them document that refers to my gggrandmother as a mestiza. I also know that my Pena lines two are Tlaxcallan tribal connections. Like you, I am proud of both my Spanish and indigenous lines. Alex Loya has indeed done extensive research and found evidence of a Hispanic presence in the Southwest much earlier than even suspected. His work is very much to be admired. With the results of my own family research, I personally do not agree with the "pure blood" emphasis that Alex points to. I do feel however that it is good to present the research of historians with differing opinions on that point. It enriches the base of information that is shared. I have not decided the best place for your letter yet; Texas, Southwest, Indigenous, and even Anti-Spanish would be suitable. Thank you for expressing your opinion. But see how you deny us! We must be eliminated! I am aware that this response is mostly emotion, for facts you can read my book one day. As far as the inter- marrying between the different groups you know as well as I that wherever an army travels, babies will be born. During the conquest friendly caciques gave women to the Spaniards and other native females went freely or were taken by force. During the sixteenth century the term mestizo was synonymous with bastard. A high percentage of the mestizos were illegitimate. Unrecognized by their fathers, most stayed with their Indian mothers and so became more culturally Indian than Spaniard. Many of these liaisons were fleeting but others ripened into long comfortable affairs. In the meantime these men took native concubines and some even remarried, risking trial for bigamy. The crown and church wanted Spaniards married and settled to give the colony stability, and for these reasons they encouraged Spaniards to marry Indian girls. Spanish women rarely married outside their caste unless it was to a prominent mestizo, and then they were never there in large numbers. The encomenderos felt particular pressure, as they were required to marry within three years or lose their grants of Indians. As time passed quite a few Spaniards married their Indian mistresses thus legitimizing their children. By there were a good number of mestizo girls of marriageable age. They may not have been the preferred pure Spanish types, but many were recognized daughters of prosperous and socially prominent conquistadores. The child of these unions created a castiza and would pass as white, thus by the late sixteenth century there seems to have been enough females considered white to go around. He was certainly a mestixo but because of the standing of his parents, he passed as white. Pedro de Alvarados mestizo daughter also had high social status, marrying a cousin of the duke of Albuquerque. According to Michael C. Meyer and William L. This count almost certainly minimizes the numbers of the castes: At independence, inalmost exactly three hundred years after the conquest, the total population of Mexico was around seven million, of many varied racial strains. Meyers and Sherman Thus these are the people that would migrate to the north of Mexico and eventually into Texas. Arellano, Thank you for accepting my apology sir, maybe you are a young grandpa! The issue here, Mr. Over a million criollos inwhen there were only 2. To read Alex Loya's full response to Mr. His book "Tejano Roots," A Family Legend was nominated for the Deolece Parmelee Award for achievement in preservation through historical research and also for an award of merit. Over a thousand Tejanos sacrificed their lives for liberty and freedom, yet to this day these first sons and daughters of the first Texas Republic remain unknown and unrecognized for their ultimate sacrifice. For more information contact Dan Arellano e-mail darellano austin. A benefit fund has been set up for Erik and his family. To learn more about this or to contribute, please contact Bobby Biers for more information: Hernandez and his wife Denzel, to and from the Unity Luncheon. I want you to know how impacted I was, when I read the board of recipients and I was finally aware of the contributions made to the military by Hispanic soldiers. It was moving, and when I created my trip report to my superiors, I was sure to add how I felt this exhibit should be seen by our young people, who like me, may have no idea of the struggles and stories of courage that you have so proudly presented. I think the exhibit would have a lasting impression, for the young people and their parents that we are inviting to the luncheon. I would also like to ask you, if you know of any recipients that may be willing to speak to us in person, and share their courageous stories, or grace us with their honored presence. If you can let me know what we can do to help with this, as a representative I am grateful that we made acquaintance, and for the opportunity to share with OUR community, what I learned from my visits with you. I am hoping we can build a good standing relationship. Latino Advocates for Education P. Box Orange, CA www. A Tribute to Mexican American Veterans. It will commence at You and your family are cordially invited to solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them. Admission is free and the public is invited to attend. This year we will recognize our Latino veterans of the Vietnam War. We found that of the 58, men who gave their lives in the Vietnam War, 3, have Spanish surnames. Therefore, more than 6. Those numbers prove that we served at a higher number than our percentage of the population and that most solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them our soldiers, sailors, marines and airmen served in combat duty. We do not glorify war. However, the patriotism displayed by our Latino veterans must be documented and honored. We published their full color photograph and briefly detailed their World War II service. We want to acknowledge you in our fourth book this year. Enclosed is our Veterans Form. Scott Doty - Life Story Digital FilmPlease fill it out and return it with copies of your Vietnam War era service photographs. Please do not send us the originals of your photographs. We must have the form and photographs by September 1, in order to guarantee that you will be included in our book. Please call or write to us if you have any questions or want to assist in this event. This is where soldiers who have been evacuated from Germany come to be hospitalized in the United States, solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them burn victims. The Fisher House is a Hotel where soldiers' families can stay, for little or no charge, while their soldier is staying in the Hospital. BAMC has quite a few of these houses on base, but as you can imagine, they are almost filled most of the time. He asked how much one of them would cost to build. He took his check book out and wrote a check for the full amount right there on the spot. Every year the 11 th Airborne Division Association and their chapters celebrate their perfectly executed rescue of 2, civilian internees, captured by the Japanese in WWII in the Philippines. Here is their story of why they and the internees celebrate it to this day. The 11th Airborne Division attacked from the south. MacArthur planned to go into Manila to liberate the civilian prisoners that were interred at Santo Tomas University; they had been prisoners for over three years. Manila was liberated on Feb 5th. The Japanese took 2, prisoners to Los Banos. The civilians were Allied business-men, nuns, priests, missionaries, nurses, tourists, etc. General MacArthur ordered the 11th Airborne Division to rescue them. Recon platoons and Filipino guerrillas gathered information from prisoner Peter Miles about the camp and activities by prisoners and their Japanese guards. It was learned that the guards performed calisthenics from 6: General Swing then put plans into action to have a three prong attack. Amtracs loaded with more paratroopers left from the northern shores of Laguna deBay, a large inland lake. It was learned that on this particular day the Japanese was scheduled to execute all of the civilian prisoners. In the rescue action, most of the Japanese guards and leaders were killed and all of the civilian prisoners were rescued. The Amtracs arrived and the liberated civilians were loaded unto the Amtracs and taken to safety over friendly capture lines near the Bilibid Prison. By noon the evacuation was complete with no loss of life of the prisoners or American troops Two Filipino guerrillas were killed. Other troops of the 11th Airborne Division had taken up road-blocking positions to prevent 10, Japanese re-enforcements from reaching Los Banos, 25 miles behind enemy lines. This has been proclaimed the most perfectly planned and executed rescue by American forces and is taught at the War College. As the internees had been praying solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them over three years to be rescued, said that when they heard the planes and the gunfire, they looked up and saw the paratroopers coming down and quietly cried that, "They [paratroopers] looked like Angels coming down from Heaven. Tony The Marine Santiago Nmb aol. July 2, September 26, He was the first member of the U. Army to be awarded the Medal of Honor for actions performed while in captivity. He joined the Armed Forces in Norfolk, Virginia. He graduated in and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the U. After six years of service, he attained the rank of Captain. On May 12,Versace began his first tour of duty in the Republic of Vietnam as an intelligence advisor. In Mayhe volunteered for another tour. Versace wanted to become a priest and he was accepted into the seminary. He planned to someday return to Vietnam and work with the orphans. A large VC force ambushed and overran Versace's unit, wounding him in the process. He was able to provide enough covering fire so that the friendly forces could withdraw from the killing zone. A second government force of about men operating only a few thousand yards from the main fight, learned of the disaster too late to help. Versace was captured and taken to a prison deep in the jungle along with two other Americans, Lieutenant Nick Rowe and Sergeant Dan Pitzer. He tried to escape four times, but failed in his attempts. Versace insulted the Viet Cong during the indoctrination sessions and cited the Geneva Convention treaty time after time. The Viet Cong separated Versace from the other prisoners. The last time the prisoners heard his voice, he was loudly singing "God Bless America ". His head stone at Arlington National Cemetery stands above an empty grave. Upon learning of their son's fate, Marie Teresa Rios Versace and her husband, Colonel Versace, tried to find out what they could about the circumstances. She went to Paris in the late s, trying unsuccessfully to see the North Vietnamese delegation as it arrived for peace talks. Rios Versace expressed her frustration and anguish in poems. Nominations to award Versace the Medal of Honor were initiated inbut the nomination failed and he was posthumously awarded the Silver Star Medal instead. ![]() The quest for a Medal of Honor for Versace languished until the "Friends of Rocky Versace" reinitiated the crusade once more in Language added by Congress in the Defense Authorization Act ended the standoff and authorized the award of the nation's highest military decoration for combat valor to Versace. Bush for his heroism, the first time an Army POW had been awarded the nation's highest honor for actions in captivity. Present were his surviving siblings, Dr. Medal of Honor citation: Humbert Roque Versace Rank and organization: As the battle raged, Captain Versace fought valiantly and encouraged his CIDG patrol to return fire against overwhelming enemy forces. He provided covering fire from an exposed position to enable friendly forces to withdraw from the killing zone when it was apparent that their position would be overrun, and was severely wounded in the knee and back from automatic weapons fire and [[shrapnel]. He stubbornly resisted capture with the last full measure solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them his strength and ammunition. Taken prisoner by the Viet Cong, he demonstrated exceptional leadership and resolute adherence to the tenants of the Code of Conduct from the time he entered into a prisoner of war status. Captain Versace assumed command of his fellow American prisoners, and despite being kept locked in irons in an isolation box, raised their morale by singing messages to popular songs of the day, and leaving inspiring messages at the latrine. Within three weeks of captivity, and despite the severity of his untreated wounds, he attempted the first of four escape attempts by dragging himself on his hands and knees out of the camp through dense swamp and forbidding vegetation to freedom. Crawling at a very slow pace due to his weakened condition, the guards quickly discovered him outside the camp and recaptured him. Captain Versace scorned the enemys exhaustive interrogation and indoctrination efforts, and inspired his fellow prisoners to resist to the best of their ability. When he used his Vietnamese language skills to protest improper treatment of the American prisoners by the guards, he was put into leg irons and gagged to keep his protestations out of earshot of the other American prisoners in the camp. The last time that any of his fellow prisoners heard from him, Captain Versace was singing God Bless America at the top of his voice from his isolation box. Unable to break his indomitable will, his faith in God, and his trust in the United States of America and his fellow prisoners, Captain Versace was executed by the Viet Cong on September 26, Captain Versaces extraordinary heroism, self-sacrifice, and personal bravery involving conspicuous risk of life above and beyond the call of duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Army, and reflect great credit to himself and the U. Shinseki inducted Versace into the Pentagon Hall of Heroes. Hero street and the men who lost their lives from this now famous street in Silvis, Illinois is a great Educational video and history lesson of how the contributions of Hispanics are over-looked in most history books. For more information mariojuderamos hotmail. Publish independently online, world-wide. La Mesa was bought originally as a hiding place for cattle and horses. Back then a man was not considered rich by how much money he had, but by what he owned in livestock. He ended up falling in love with the place and had a home built. His last request was to be buried there, with his beloved wife under the capilla. The stipulation being that La Mesa is in possession of a descendent, it was his desire and final wish. The love of land is something that was imbedded into Dn. Having been there myself I understand how my uncle fell in love with La Mesa. It is a place where silence and solitude are the best of friends. A wondrous place where Jupiter is found nestled amongst the millions of stars that gather around La Mesa in the evenings. For my uncle it was also the feeling of being safe, of being closer to heaven. The marriage between my uncle Dn. Indalecio, Pudenciana y Amelia. Their marriage produced six children: Leonor y Patricio- Leonor married Dr. Alfonso Eduardo Guerra and their marriage produced eight children: Leonor was also the keeper of the family secrets, and the owner of the historical archives that were confiscated by the state of Nuevo Leon- they were to be kept from public view for the first one hundred years after Dn. Pudenciana Milmo Vidaurri had been a lively and vivacious young woman. She married Prince Albrycht Wocjciech Radziwill inhowever before they could conceive a child the prince met with a premature death due to illness, Pudenciana had been madly in love with her husband and inconsolable, she never remarried. Santiago Vidaurri Milmo was an adventurous young man, who believed in modern convention. The legend at La Mesa is that one rainy evening he and his girlfriend chose to go down la cuesta on horse back. His horse slipped on rocks and fell; landing on top of him, crushing his body. They brought his body back to La Mesa where he was pronounced dead on arrival. He left no natural children. His request was to be buried along side his grandparents, as a child he never tired of listening to the many tales of his illustrious grandfather, El Caudillo del Norte. His girlfriend never recovered from his death and never married. He also never married and left no descendents. Jose had been the youngest of the boys and had been doted on by his older brother Patricio. Their marriage produced five children: Patricio, Jose, Tomas, Josefina and Laura. Patricio married a descendent of Juan Zuazua and from this branch, we have Milmo Hernandez. Josefina married Eduardo Mascarenas - from this branch we have, Mascarenas Milmo. Reeder of New Orleans. Family history mentions that Harold was so enamored of La Mesa that he asked Sara to leave it to him in her will. Fulfilling a family legacy, Sara left La Mesa to her three nephews: Patricio, Jose y Tomas Milmo Hickman. The caretaker of La Mesa for over a decade was Patricio Milmo Hickman- he stayed behind while his younger brothers went away to college. Jose and Tomas after finishing their studies went to work for their uncle, Emilio Azcarraga Vidaurretta. The boys never forgot their duty to their legacy; solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them periodically sent money home to help with the maintenance of La Mesa. Patricio loved ranching so much that he dedicated his whole life to it. My opinion is that Patricio Milmo Hickman solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them first hand how expensive it was to run the ranch at La Mesa- as much as he loved it; he also realized it was a financial burden. He knew that it required more then heart. Jose Milmo Hickman was a country boy at heart- he never forgot his first love, it was important to him that his children become familiar with the place of his childhood. One summer when the children were old enough-they embarked upon the journey to La Mesa. The family took a train to Monterrey from Mexico City- where they arrived the following morning. At Monterrey, they changed to a train named "La Marrana". The train stopped at Villaldama, where the children remember eating lunches of cabrito, sold by the local vendors through the windows of the train. At Lampazos the family was met by two peones, in two old Ford pick up trucks- there they were taken to El Solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them down part of La Mesa. For Alberto Milmo this vacation would turn out to be unforgettable, today he is the majority owner of La Mesa, and through Alberto and his wife Liz, La Mesa will one day become a modern oasis in the sky. Tomas Milmo Hickman yearned for the country and retired early in his career. He returned to his first passion- La Mesa, where his nephew Patricio Milmo Hernandez taught him how to fly. Lorenzo y Tomas Milmo Zambrano. Patricio Milmo Hernandez was solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them boy of ten, when he climbed La Mesa solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them the first time- without informing his parents; he set off on his first adventure. This adventure started in Lampazos and consisted of a childhood friend and a canteen of water. The boys had no idea as to the length of the journey and were not prepared. Halfway to their destination they realized they were out of water. Lucky for them that en route to La Mesa was a deserted ranch with an abandoned well. This well provided two scared little boys with the amount of water that was needed to complete their journey. From that moment on it was his dream to one-day reach La Mesa by plane. His dream turned into reality at the age of nineteen. There are stories of ghosts at La Mesa- there is one room in particular where the doors and windows open on their own. Where the sound of moving objects can be heard throughout the silent hacienda. A re-counted story of Consuelo Milmo Hernandez is of playing inside the capilla as a child. It was growing dark and soon the shadows began to descend upon the church. A shining light entered the capilla lighting a way for Consuelo and her friend to see their way back outside. It scared the girls so much, that they ran all the way back to the hacienda. This same shining light has been seen many times through out the years, roaming around the hacienda, from room to room. Making its way back outside into the vast land, that surrounds the house. I am of opinion that this shining light is my uncle, ensuring that all is well into the night. There is also the ghost of a man, dressed in white. These sightings have both taken place solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them Rancho Encinas and La Mesa. He is either seen walking or riding a black solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them. Having the privilege of seeing the family photos, I am of opinion that this ghost is of Patricio Milmo Hickman, who could not be separated from his beloved Encinas and La Mesa, even in death. There is another legend that has turned into folklore through the passing of time- the story of the buried treasure. They say that Don Santiago had forty mules brought to La Mesa- each carrying a basket filled with gold. The family through the generations has tried locating this buried treasure, but they come up empty handed. I am of opinion that the shining light would lead us to the treasure, if we had the courage to follow it. La Mesa is located in Candela, Coahuila- it stands one thousand six-hundred and fifty feet and is approximately forty thousand acres; it is described as an elevation from the earth. The many animals that live on La Mesa are: My absolute favorite animal at La Mesa- besides the puppy was the wild Turkey that chased Karen dela Pena and me during our morning walk. One of the many highlights of my visit was when Cousin Alberto and Liz took us on a partial walk down la cuesta. It was thrilling to stand at the edge of La Mesa- next to the rocks made of sillar. The legend is that tio Santiago placed his flag in-between those rocks as a message to the Apaches letting them know he was in residence. The flag was saying "I am here, come up if you dare? Farther north of the hacienda is El Alamito- a fortress made of sillar. Los Vidaurristas used the fort as a shield against the Apaches. Near the fort is the lake, scattered all around it are several peach trees, the family believes they were planted by tio Santiago, the trees have been there since before anyone can remember. The mountains to the south of La Mesa are called Los Pajaros Azules- Liz Milmo mentioned that if one were to get lost at La Mesa, not to panic but to walk towards the mountains- they would lead you back to the hacienda. Across from la capilla is the canyon, to reach the primitive animal drawings- a person has to go around the canyon and then climb down by the use of rope. With the passing of time, many workers commissioned to work at La Mesa vandalized it due to ignorance. However, this vandalism can be rectified with the modern technology of refurbishing; something that I hope will happen in the future. One controversy surrounding La Mesa is that most historians are of opinion that the correct name for La Mesa should be Catujanes, for the Indians that lived in the region. However the actual name given to La Mesa by tio Santiago was Cartujanos, this is only something that the immediate family would know. Algunos historiadores dicen que el nombre de la mesa debe de ser Catujanes, porque asi se llmamban unos indios que habitaban en la region. Pero nosotros desde que se compro La Mesa se llamaba Cartujanos. Y a mi me parece que se oye mas bonito y mas fuerte este nombre. Por lo que se a mi respecta yo siempre la voy a seguir llamando Mesa de Cartujanos. Today there is new generation of Milmo Vidaurris solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them play- creating childhood memories of tribal dancing out in the rain. They are the Milmo Garza twins: One of their favorite past times occurs in early December- it is called the gathering of the cattle. The children love to watch the cattle jump into a tub filled with water and splash about with unbridled abandon- creating a beautiful splash of water. The twins also enjoy camping outside with their father- listening to his gentle voice as he explains to them all about the moon, and the stars. I enjoyed my visit to La Mesa, my cousin Alberto and his wife Liz were the most charming of hosts. It was a pleasure for me to have a tour of the hacienda and have them share their family stories. The memories of the Milmo Vidaurris are what make La Mesa so valuable; they are what nourish and keep the memories of El Vidaurrismo alive. E-mail correspondence with Alberto Milmo Garza Madero. Sent by Joseph Puentes makas nc. Lulu can also be used to publish anything you can store on a hard disk. Lulu offers the tools that let creators publish independently and offer their work directly to consumers world-wide. There are no set-up fees and no minimum orders. Creators set the amount of the royalty they receive for every copy of their work sold Lulu earns a small commission on each transactionand they the creators retain complete ownership of all permissions and rights to their work. Once a work is uploaded to Lulu. There is no waiting period and no set-up time required. Creators can also un-publish and modify their work at anytime, instantly. Lulu produces high-quality paperback and hardback books, and authors can choose black and white or full-color printing. Lulu provides an online marketplace for displaying and selling work directly to consumers via the author's own customizable web page, and Lulu also offers affordable distribution options allowing books to be sold through additional retail channels. And I will never forget how Large tears flowed down his stoic face during this terrible time. It was a comfort to be with him because he look a lot like my father, and it remained esay to love him and feel comfortable with him. Kc concepcion dating jules knightUncle Tony was the oldest next to Uncle Joe who remained a blank In my mind even though the story of how he returned from the war In France all covered with sores from having been gassed by the Germans in l He had also been born in Mexico. He was already an athlete when the arrived in Austin and settled. And the opportunities remained available to pursue playing baseball. He was a second baseman and a good hitter. Surely this was true since Uncle Joe was inducted into the U. Apparently Uncle Tony thrived from the go in Austin with a craft that Grandpa had passed on to him. Interior decorator during building booms that in practice broke down to being a house painter and an All around builder of homes or anything like them. He ended up banning him from the Sifuentes family. Love conquers all and although 'apagrande' refused to spent a penny on their wedding they married and starting having a bunch whole bunch of Sifuentes three boys and five girls. He had been active in the community via Mexico Patriota Organization In a leadership role. As a novel Tio Tono would be the protagonist. I was about to find out who my Mexican relatives really were. This topic was a source of confusion and resistance every time I brought up the question of our family history. I have always wanted to find out about my origins. There was so much mystery about our family history that I began to feel like an orphan. All I knew was that my grandparents came from Mexico. I was going into Mexico to finally find answers to the question of where we came from. On the Mexican side of the border is Ciudad Miguel Aleman. I was stopped by a Mexican border policeman who asked, "What is your business in Mexico? He proceeded to look over everything in my truck. He even looked in my ice chest. After not finding anything suspicious, he let me go. I was through my first challenge. The buildings all look different. Most of the buildings are made of stucco. The stucco is mostly tan, white or yellow. The doorways and windows are all arched. You see a lot of brightly painted signs advertising various businesses. Music is always being played over speakers. There is wrought iron on the windows, fences and over the entrances. Many vendors sell their wares in little kiosks lining the sidewalks. The roofs on the houses are flat and many are made of rounded ceramic tiles. All of the buildings are crowded together and very few of them are higher than two stories. And everything is in Spanish. The stop signs say "Alto. I headed next to Ciudad Mier. It is at a crossroads of Route 2 and Route After Ciudad Mier, I entered the wide-open spaces of lonely cattle ranches. In the middle of this deserted area, Solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them came upon a roadblock. There were lots of soldiers checking every car. They were armed with automatic rifles. When it was my turn, a soldier came up to my window and asked for my identification. I showed him my official papers that allowed me to travel legally in Mexico. It was scary, but he said, "Move on. I was told that my grandmother, Refugio Lozano Bosque, was born here. I have no proof of this, but one of the first businesses that I saw had a big sign on it that read "Bosque Restaurante. Since this is a larger town of several thousand people, I decided to proceed to the town that my grandfather was from because it is a very small village. I reasoned that I would have a better chance of finding relatives if there were fewer people living in the village. Everyone would surely know all the people there. I traveled about another hour. The road was very narrow. Unlike in the U. The surface of the road was very bad and I hit some deep potholes and bounced on some dips in the road. I was more afraid of the truck drivers on this road because they came very solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them to me when they headed in the opposite direction or were passing me. This definitely was a white-knuckle drive. I was warned to never drive on these roads at night because livestock roam over the road at that time of day. There are no fences out here. I saw a sign that pointed right for the town of Pesqueria. This was the county seat of the smaller village that I was looking for. My destination was the hacienda of Santa Maria La Floreña. This area is mostly flat but you can see the Sierra Madre Mountains in the distance. Pesqueria is a city of about 2, people. When I drove through the town, it appeared deserted. There were very few people around. The houses were made of stone and stucco. ![]() Every building had a square look to it. It did not look very prosperous. There was a corner store with a large sign that read "Mini Market Super Lozano. There was a church in the center of the town. We would call it the town square; they call it their plaza. In the plaza was an elevated gazebo. The church is named Nuestra Señora de Loreta. It was built in It was obvious that solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them town was very proud of its one recreation facility—a pool and water park called Ojo de Agua. I passed a police station. I had read somewhere that the police might try to shake you down for bribes if they see you are from the U. As I drove by the police station, I saw that there were several police officers outside. When they saw me, they tried to wave me over. I quickly passed through the narrow one-way streets of Pesqueria and entered the farming lands on the outskirts of town. Just outside of town, on the east side, is the river that gives Pesqueria its name. I followed this road straight for another 15 miles until I came to Santa Maria la Floreña. Santa Maria la Floreña is a village, or hacienda, of about people. The town looked very primitive. Some of the houses looked run down. There were clumps of scattered trees throughout the area. You could see the mountains in the distance. The only vehicles on the dusty road were late model pickup trucks. Both sides of the road were lined with rough fences made from cut limbs and barb wire. There were prairie grasslands everywhere growing in patches in the parched white salty soil. The village itself was comprised of a group of scattered, old buildings mostly made of white stucco. Two small mini markets and a cantina were the extent of business in town. As I drove through the town I saw some school girls and their mothers collecting money for a charity. There was a uniformed policeman who was helping to stop cars so the girls could ask for a contribution. I asked what they were collecting for and one of the girls told me they were raising money to learn to speak English. I gave them five dollars and asked for information on any Lozanos in town. The policeman directed me to the mini-market to ask there. Before I went to Mexico, I had prepared a letter of introduction that explained who I was looking for written in Spanish. The letter read, "I am looking for information on my family. He is from Pesqueria. He died in Santa Maria la Floreña. He was born in and died in He was married to Antonia Elizondo. I am looking for relatives of Eugenio and Antonia. Can you please help me with any information that might be useful? We waited around for a while talking because he said that the man usually comes by late in the day. The owner of the store gave me a free bottle of Coke. After waiting about half an hour, the guy figured that I would not be a very good conversationalist since I only spoke limited Spanish, so he agreed to take me to the house where I could wait on my own. I thanked him and sat in front of a great looking house waiting for Mr. The only sounds were of the occasional trucks that went by and the crowing of the many roosters and chickens in the nearby yards. As far as I knew, it could have been a shack in the desert. This house looked like one of the best houses in the town. It had a solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them hue. Citrus trees surrounded it. There was an empty swimming pool and a pavilion-like shelter in the yard. While sitting out front in the comfortable sun, I noticed several boys looking at me from across the road. I waved hello to them and they came over to see who this stranger was. I introduced myself and asked if the people who lived in the house were expected back soon. They told me their names. Jorge Garza was 11 years old. He was the most talkative of the boys. He was light-skinned and had reddish-blond hair. Antonio had dropped out of school. I found out that most kids in Santa Maria had dropped out by 14 years of age. There was Orlando Perez who was 12 years old. He had a dark complexion, bright smile and was very smart. The oldest was Alejandro Garza who was the 15 year-old brother of Jorge. He had also dropped out of school and was working full-time picking fruit from citrus trees. After waiting another hour, I asked the kids if they could direct me to the cemetery. They said they would take me there if I wanted. I said they could if they would go ask their parents for permission. He said that he worked as the caretaker of the house and that the man would not be back until tomorrow afternoon. He also said it would be alright if the boys took me to the cemetery to look for the grave of my great-grandfather Eugenio. I gave the kids some tacos I had in my cooler and some cold drinks and then we drove down dirt roads to the solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them. The cemetery was in a very isolated spot, tucked away in the middle of nowhere. There was a cement facade that looked like the front of a church. The boys and I spread out and started looking for Lozanos. Every time we found the name, they called me over and I took a photograph solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them the headstone. The cemetery was overgrown with weeds and had prickly stickers all over. I was concerned that we would step on a rattlesnake. After about an hour, we covered the entire cemetery and found a lot of Lozanos, but I did not find anyone whose name I recognized. I took the kids home and told them that I would return the next afternoon. I felt like I had just won the lottery. Here I was in a country that I knew nothing about. I barely spoke the language. With all of these obstacles, I had made extraordinary progress on my first day. She sat on a rug on the floor. She said she was related to the Lozanos and that the Garzas were also related to the Lozanos. She wrote down the names of her deceased mother and father and the names of her brothers and sisters. We did not have too long of a conversation because she was obviously not well. He is the grandson of my great grandfather Eugenio and his second wife Ramona Garza. He lived about 20 miles away in a solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them named Agua Fria. We came up to this beautiful walled compound with a six foot wrought iron gate. Inside was one of the nicest houses in the neighborhood. Blanca is the daughter of the Mayor of Aqua Fria. Osvaldo number 1 inherited the cattle ranch where the house is located in Santa Maria la Floreña. Osvaldo number 2 took over the ranch. The first two generations of Osvaldos are dead now. The person I was meeting was Osvaldo number 3 who was about 40 years old. He no longer lived in Santa Maria and has a neighbor look after the empty house. Osvaldo told me that his cousin, Salvador Lozano, had the most knowledge about the family. Salvador lives in Monterrey. My cousin, Osvaldo, and his aunt had the family trait of being very light-complexioned. We talked for about an hour about our family. Osvaldo said that he was a teacher. Elida was the daughter of Osvaldo. I thanked them for helping me and expressed my gratitude for making this one of my greatest moments. I was glad that little Jorge had videotaped the whole meeting that I had with my new found cousins. My direct grandfather, Gustavo, was the youngest son of Eugenio and Antonia. The oldest child was Antonio. The second son was Jose Guadalupe. There were two girls, Josepha and Felicitas. As the sun started to set, I reflected on how God had blessed me on my quest. I was on a high of good fortune. It would be getting dark soon and I needed to get back fast so as to not get caught on these country roads at night. Tomorrow I would be searching for my original family documents in the Archives of the State of Nuevo Leon. There were long lines of people everywhere I looked. There were about four floors in this modern building. Which line do I get into or who to ask for help? I wandered around the building trying to look for a likely target. Finally, I saw an office with a pregnant receptionist who was probably the clerk for one of the supervisors. I then gave her my pre-typed letter that described who I was looking for. The record was from August 13, The child was born in Pesquería. Filomón was the third child born to my great grandfather, Eugenio and his second wife Ramona Garza. I then asked the nice woman if there were any more records about the older Solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them Lozano. She said, "We only have records at this office back to I came in and I got immediate service. This young receptionist probably was not even responsible for the information that I was asking for, but she dropped everything she was doing to help me. I thanked her profusely and then I headed out to find the other office. The next day, I determined to be back at the State Archives Office first thing in the morning. I got there just when the doors opened and asked a short, slightly overweight man if he would help me. These forms of control manifest themselves e. Eurocentrism as ideology functions as the valorization of Western cultures as superior, teleological, progressive, and universal. Underneath the surface it really stands for white supremacy, capitalist profit, and Euro- American self-universalization. One of the aims of the inter-american scholarship is to give back voices to those who narrate and share the multiple and diverse stories from the geographically distant and multiple locations and cultures from within the Americas in a dialogical and horizontal mode with those positioned outside. Patterns of Euro-American domination of others, the practices of subcolonial subjugations. Hence, the colonial and the neocolonial represent key tropes to unfold narratives about power asymmetries within the Americas. As inter-american study paradigms they serve to explore the hegemonic ideologies behind the coloniality of power in a diachronic and synchronic dimension. Independence Independence movements have shaped politics in the Americas ever since first desires to break free from colonial rule manifested themselves in the American hemisphere. In the colonial period they not only marked a firm resistance against colonial power and exploitation, but also a longing to define America within the Americas and against the European grain. As recent bicentennial festivities in many countries in the Americas have manifested, the historical struggle for independence remains an important pillar of national memory, heritage politics, and cultural pride. What unites the South and the North in the Americas are the histories of colonial struggle for independence and liberation from the military, political, and cultural yoke of the European colonizing nations. Despite all the differences within the Americas this cultural pride and heritage also creates bondage. American colonies were struggling to free themselves from Spain, Brazilian colonies to liberate themselves from Portuguese rule, Caribbean islands to free themselves from the British, the French, and the Dutch, North American colonies from the British and French yokes. Hand in hand with the desire for liberation a complex and diverse process of redefining America accompanied independence movements throughout the Americas. Apart from the grand historical liberation movements to break free from European colonial rule, such as the black revolution in Haiti, also other manifestations of independence like indigenous movements in the 20th and 21st century, Pan-African American movements from Marcus Garvey to black nationalist movements in the s and s in the Americas show that the idea of emancipation continues to nourish struggles within and beyond regions and nations. After independence American societies adopted forms of European-style liberalism, based theoretically on equal citizenship, but with powerful exclusions based on race, class, and gender. In recent times independence politics define themselves in new cultural and historical contexts and struggle against neocolonial and neoliberal manifestations of hegemony, as shows for instance in movements of resistance toward U. American imperialism in Latin America. Religion Religion deeply shaped the colonial encounters between the native communities and European settlers and, hence, the development of colonial societies in the Americas. The Bible functioned as a master narrative to christianize pagan indigenous cultures and spread the gospel of Christian faith and morality. In the North and the South, missions and missionaries became key actors in subduing, transforming, and displacing the indigenous cultures by either marginalizing them or integrating them to varying degrees into the value and economic solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them of the European colonizers. The Calvinist doctrine helped diffuse the Solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them work ethic and laid the matrix for capitalism on a global scale. Religious missions could be understood as performances of a travelling culture dedicated to spread Western social and economic values. The religious itinerancy of Christian missionaries has been involved in and sustained by fortifying the West as a site of power and contestation, of centrality and dispersal. Resistance among indigenous sacred cultures still have brought forth hybrid and creole forms of religion throughout the Americas mixing Christian with African and indigenous beliefs and rituals. Religious flows, hence, have infused the creolization and hybridization of cultures in the South and the North. Inter-American relations cannot be reflected without considering the vast religious flows within the context of hegemonic cultural projects since the Monroe Doctrine was put in place in Since then, inter-american religious flows consisted chiefly of non-catholic, Protestant or Pentecostal activities pressing from North to South. Currently, though, the direction of traveling religions has changed. With the beginning of the 21st century these flows have begun to push strongly from South to North. The new Latin American mission enterprises self-defined as Neopentecostal with at times global outreach boost the diffusion from South to North. In return, in their home countries these activities pay off in ways of social and political recognition as important representatives of the nation abroad. At the same time, there is the flow of believers who migrate from Latin American countries to the U. Border In recent decades border discourses have gained tremendous impact in cultural studies, migration studies, and media studies in the context of globalization and its scholarly investigation since the spatial turn in the s. The s demonstrated renewed interest in issues of space and place across the social sciences. With respect to the Americas a major focus has been placed on the U. The New Mestiza charts hybrid processes of identity for. Mexican border and disrupts Anglo-centric nationalist histories as well as male-centered Chicano nationalist agenda through a radical feminist lens. These critics explore new intercultural imaginaries as forms of subaltern knowledge. They are quite aware of the conditions of unequal power distribution in the Americas and engage the colonial and postcolonial differences on a local level, where global power is adapted, negotiated, rejected, and transculturated. Other recent critics foster comparative border studies paradigms. Since that time, developments at the two national boundaries have become more explicitly interconnected. Particularly border discourses are remapping the studies of the Americas in a hemispheric context since they address interactions, dynamics, and tensions between North America and Latin America. Mobility Migration and flows have increasingly shaped most recent social, economic, and cultural developments in the Americas. The focus on movement and itineraries ties in with the research paradigm of Mobility Studies solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them has been informed, among others, by research on migration, tourism, transportation, and communication technologies. John Urry distinguishes among several interdependent mobilities that produce social life organized across distance and which shape and re-shape its contours Urry Following James Clifford and others, inter-american paradigms reject a celebration of mobility as a progressive development away from the cultural constraints and supposed homogeneity of territoriality in favor of an understanding of culture and cultural contacts that is based upon mobility s being entailed in, and in turn. Tellingly, two opposing justifications of post colonial solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them in the Americas recur to the traveledness of settlers and colonizers that was contrasted with either the rootedness and hence, supposed lack of worldly experience or the nomadism and proclaimed lack of civilization of native populations Clifford 3. In a similar vein, until the midth century the mobility of black people in the hemisphere was largely defined by their enforced movements as objects of the slave trade and enforced immobility as plantation labor force. Women s mobility also was often restricted by confinement to domestic roles and gendered codes of decency. European colonizers arrived with a baggage of racial, ethnic, and cultural bias supplementing the ideas of Western supremacy over African and indigenous cultures. Race and indigeneity have marked numerous histories of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, have shaped the politics of inclusion and exclusion and have nourished concepts and movements of resistance in the Americas and beyond. Structural racism has held indigenous people at the margins of society in modern times, so it furnished a series of impediments for indigenous people to access the national and transnational public spheres. The question of indigenous cultures and the question of race represent the great challenges to modernity especially in the 20th and 21st century. African American movements like the Civil Rights movement and the Black Nationalist movement question the status quo of race relations and race politics in the U. While Latin American indigenous movements are the major propelling forces in the 20th century for redefinitions and questions of human rights, we can note similar movements in the U. Ideas about human diversity and race were hardly different across the Americas in the early colonial period. But, a divide into differing Anglo and Iberian colonial contexts gave rise to divergent racial categories and structures. Hence, race and indigeneity are perceived and defined differently dependent on local, regional, national, and transborder contexts. Over time, the Iberian colonies were characterized by a mixture between Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans, giving rise to mixed people mestizos who occupied recognized intermediate categories in the social hierarchy, alongside free blacks who had escaped slavery through manumission or flight. While whiteness became the ideal and embodiment of power in the North, mestizaje developed into a similar but different construct in the Latin American contexts. By the late 18th century, these intermediate categories were often a majority. In the Anglo colonies, mixture happened less and the offspring of mixed unions were, over time, classified with the subordinate black and indigenous categories, giving rise to a more racially segregated social order. Current struggles of indigenous cultures against neoliberal politics of land distribution, an emergence of Afro Latina studies in recent decades and a newly heightened focus on race, racialism, and racism in the context of U. Gender Concepts like orientalism and tropicalization demonstrate that gender politics are at the very core of colonial and neocolonial power structures in the Americas. While orientalist discourses function within Western colonial politics to mark the colonized or to be colonized in terms of gender differences, describing the other as weak, feminine, to be conquered and civilized on a global scale, the concept of tropicalization shows that gendered metaphors of difference also mark the North-South relations within the Americas. A Eurocentric concept of cultural supremacy characterizes the Northern view of the South and U. American hegemonic discourses versus Latin America, the Caribbean and Pacific islands. These tropical discourses, in many ways, duplicate orientalist thought by creating the Southern, Latin American, and Caribbean other as the weak and feminine. While these discourses are part of the macro-level of gender asymmetry and inequality, the micro-level concerns the struggle of women for equality in South and North and addresses the deviations from heterosexual norms. From the beginning, Gender studies have been based on a relational understanding of power relations. Respectively, a trend in implementations of gender perspectives in global and transnational studies programs can also be observed within the frame of Inter-American Studies. From a relational global perspective, gender always intersects with other categories of analysis such as race, class, ethnicity, religion, and sexuality, bringing a global approach into dialogue with an intersectional understanding of gender as one category in a complex network of axes of stratification. Decolonial Reflections The last trope chosen stands for a methodologically, more open decolonial type of thinking for the study of the Americas. Walter Mignolo s recent thoughts about global futures and decolonial options in The Darker Side of Western Modernity provide further inspiration to rethink our understanding of the Americas with reference to subaltern knowledge production, in particular. According to him, the decolonial found its first intellectual voices during the Cold War in the writings of African, African Caribbean, and African American thinkers and intellectuals. Independence and revolution have become key terms in the process of decolonization. Beyond its meaning as a historical referent and towards the end of the Cold War period, decolonization becomes decoloniality, signifying in the words of Mignolo the decolonization of knowledge 53 and becomes synonymous with being epistemologically solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them What critics, like Mignolo, envision is a world of thought in which many parallel worlds of thinking coexist. To achieve such, perhaps utopian, thought system, epistemic obedience and epistemic delinking are fundamental For a reconceptualization of our understanding of the Americas, Mignolo s assertion, that the historical presence of pueblo originarios aborigines and the massive African slave solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them are two of the radical experiences that differentiate the decolonial from the postcolonial 55mark another point of explication why voices from within indigenous and Afrodescendant cultures are crucial for a new epistemic orientation towards pluri-topic thinking Aunt Lute Books, Print. Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. U of Minnesota P, Print. Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. A Response to the Presidential Address. Narrative as Socially Symbolic Act. The Transit ional Locations of Nomadic Narration. A Global Sense of Place. Space, Place, and Gender. U of Minnesota P, Web. The Darker Side of Western Modernity. Global Futures, Decolonial Options. Area Studies and the New American Studies. Dartmouth College P, Print. The Anthropology of Globalization. Jonathan Xavier Inda and Renato Rosaldo. Aníbal Quijano, Coloniality of Power, Eurocentrism, and Latin America Una mirada hacia el presente y el pasado revela que los Estudios Interamericanos constituyen hoy en día un campo en auge, con predecesores importantes en el siglo XX. Dicho campo, enfocado en las Américas hemisféricas, ha cobrado una nueva relevancia a medida que los estudios globales y los estudios transnacionales se han posicionado a la vanguardia de la labor académica. Los Estudios Interamericanos han desafiado la forma en que pensamos acerca de las Américas. En síntesis, los Estudios Interamericanos conceptualizan a las Américas como hemisféricas, conectadas, histórica y culturalmente entrelazadas, y mutuamente dependientes. Las formas en que las sociedades se desarrollan, en que los pueblos y ciudades se transforman, y en que las producciones culturales cobran nuevos giros, dependen del intercambio entre el norte y el sur, entre las diversas islas del Caribe y sus vínculos con el resto de las Américas; y de las relaciones y diferencias a lo largo de las divisiones sur-sur y norte-norte del hemisferio. Es posible agregar que el enfoque inter al interior de las Américas también provee una respuesta positiva a la inquietud de Winfried Fluck, acerca de ser cuidadosos con el riesgo de disolver las Américas como un significante vacío en los enfoques de estudios globales Fluck Por el contrario, los paradigmas interamericanos ayudan a revelar la pluralidad y complejidad al interior de América, impulsando a América en su versión plural hacia la vanguardia de la investigación académica. La investigación interamericana dirige su enfoque hacia conexiones multidimensionales, flujos multidireccionales, imaginarios geopolíticos conflictivos y superpuestos, al interior de las Américas. Esto incluye el reconocimiento de la simultaneidad y también de la presencia conflictiva de conceptos temporales lineales versus no-lineales, como parte de encuentros coloniales y neocoloniales. Un enfoque centrado en la conectividad interamericana abre escenarios para una nueva mirada hacia las historias emparentadas, las producciones culturales y los sistemas de creencias de las culturas indígenas, afrocaribeñas, afroamericanas, afrolatinas y diaspóricas. Esto es lo que los Estudios Interamericanos comparten con los estudios globales: En una cita actualmente famosa, Fredric Jameson ha llamado a la globalización una totalidad intotalizable Jameson xii. De manera similar, la interconectividad de las Américas en su totalidad escapa a nuestra comprensión. Como Ana Luz lo explica: Luz Inter enfatiza la relación mutua y permite resaltar, mejor que prefijos tales como trans, los niveles reales de contacto, conflicto y comunicación. Ello sin descartar la importancia de las aproximaciones transnacionales, translocales y transculturales. Tampoco significa caer de nuevo en paradigmas previos al giro transnacional en los estudios culturales. Los flujos, como lo sostiene Tsing, subyacen a la creación de culturas y mundos. Imaginen un sistema de internet que enlaza a los usuarios de computadora. O una gran multitud de inmigrantes a través de fronteras nacionales. O inversiones de capital enviados a diversos paraísos fiscales Tsing Arjun Appadurai especifica los flujos por medio de la distinción entre cinco dimensiones de flujos globales que pueden ser denominados a panoramas étnicos b panoramas de medios comunicación c panoramas tecnológicos d panoramas financieros y e panoramas de ideas Appadurai 33para ilustrar la omnipresencia de la fluidez al interior del espectro de producción cultural. Los flujos aparecen en medio de puntos de partida y puntos de llegada. Es Doreen Massey quien nos advierte específicamente sobre la agencia, las jerarquías de poder y las asimetrías involucradas en los circuitos globales: Diferentes grupos sociales tienen relaciones distintas con respecto a la movilidad: Desde el punto de vista del prefijo inter- los flujos no pueden ser separados del contacto, del conflicto ni de la comunicación. En términos de la producción de conocimiento, la perspectiva interamericana persigue una inclusión de formas de conocimiento específicas producidas y creadas dentro de las Américas; y lucha por el reconocimiento de alternativas y opciones adicionales, incluyendo también a instancias teóricas procedentes de formas de pensamiento de ascendencia indígena o africana. Lo que conciben críticos como Mignolo, es un mundo de pensamiento en el cual coexisten muchos mundos paralelos de pensamiento y ideas Así, la sincronicidad, la simultaneidad y la investigación de relaciones tanto verticales como horizontales con respecto a los sistemas de conocimiento y poder, configuran el marco teórico general. En nuestra comprensión, solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them Estudios Interamericanos conceptualizan a las Américas como vinculadas, entrelazadas e interdependientes. América en su versión plural, vinculada y en proceso. Perspectivas desde fiar foro para la investigación interamericana Los tropos elegidos que presentamos a continuación reflejan paradigmas que fiar foro para la investigación interamericana, en su calidad de espacio oficial de publicación de la Asociación Internacional de Estudios Interamericanos, ha enfatizado y ha seguido desarrollando a través de una lente interamericana, desde su fundación en la Universidad de Bielefeld en el fiar por sus siglas en ingléscomo revista científica en línea revisada por pares y listada en la MLA y Epsco, fomenta un enfoque dialógico e interdisciplinario en el estudio de las Américas. Su equipo de editores procedentes de las Américas y de Europa, así como su junta asesora en continua expansión y su grupo de examinadores, han contribuido a posicionar a fiar foro para la investigación interamericana como un importante medio para repensar a las Américas en giros hemisféricos. En cuanto a contenido y lenguaje, esta revista científica pretende dar voz a las complejidades de historias, culturas, producciones culturales y política en las Américas de una forma transdisciplinaria. Desde el hasta elesta revista científica ha publicado contribuciones y material audiovisual en inglés y en español. Los editores seleccionaron ocho tropos claves y ensayos relacionados publicados durante este periodo, para enfatizar paradigmas recientes en los estudios interamericanos interdisciplinarios. Los tropos claves elegidos no deben. Dichas formas de control se manifiestan, por ejemplo, en el estado-nación, la economía capitalista, la norma heterosexual, el concepto de familia nuclear y las visiones eurocéntricas del mundo. El eurocentrismo como ideología consiste en la valorización de las culturas occidentales como superiores, teleológicas, progresistas y universales. Bajo la superficie, dicha ideología defiende en realidad la supremacía blanca, el lucro capitalista y la autouniversalización euroamericana. Por consiguiente, lo colonial y lo neocolonial representan tropos claves para revelar narrativas sobre las asimetrías de poder dentro de las Américas. Independencia Los movimientos de independencia han moldeado la política en las Américas desde que se manifestaron los primeros anhelos de liberarse del dominio colonial en el hemisferio americano. Durante el periodo colonial, estos no solo marcaron una firme resistencia contra el poder y la explotación coloniales, sino también un ansia por definir América dentro de las Américas y a contracorriente de Europa. Podemos mencionar a pensadores tales como Ralph Waldo Emerson, Simón Bolívar, José Marti, entre otros, que desarrollaron visiones distintas y discrepantes de América. Lo que une al sur y al norte en las Américas son las historias de lucha por la independencia y liberación del yugo militar, político y cultural de las naciones europeas colonizadoras. A pesar de todas las diferencias al interior de las Américas, este orgullo y herencia culturales también crea una atadura. De la mano con este deseo de liberación, un proceso complejo y diverso de redefinición de las Américas acompañó a los movimientos independentistas a todo lo largo del territorio americano. Tras la independencia, las sociedades americanas adoptaron formas de liberalismo de estilo europeo, basados teóricamente en la igualdad ciudadana, pero con fuertes exclusiones basadas en cuestiones de raza, clase y género. En épocas recientes, las políticas independentistas se autodefinen en nuevos contextos culturales e históricos, y pelean contra manifestaciones neocoloniales y neoliberales de hegemonía, tal como lo solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them, por ejemplo, los movimientos de resistencia contra el imperialismo estadounidense en Latinoamérica. Religión La religión moldeó fuertemente los encuentros entre las comunicades nativas y los colonizadores europeos y, por consiguiente, el desarrollo de las sociedades coloniales en las Américas. La biblia funcionaba como una narrativa maestra para cristianizar a las culturas indígenas paganas y propagar el evangelio de la fe cristiana y la moralidad. Tanto en el norte como en el sur, las misiones y los misioneros se convirtieron en. La doctrina calvinista ayudó a difundir la ética de trabajo protestante, y sentó las bases para el capitalismo en escala global. Las misiones religiosas podrían ser entendidas como actuaciones de una cultura viajera, dedicadas a difundir valores sociales y económicos occidentales. La itinerancia religiosa de los misioneros cristianos se involucró con y fue sostenida por la consolidación de Occidente como un lugar de poder y de impugnación, de centralidad y dispersión. Por ende, los flujos religiosos han imbuído la criollización e hibridación de culturas en el sur y en el norte. Los vínculos interamericanos no pueden ser analizados sin considerar los vastos flujos religiosos dentro del contexto de proyectos culturales hegemónicos, desde que la Doctrina Monroe fuera puesta en marcha en Desde entonces, las corrientes solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them interamericanas consistieron principalmente de actividades no católicas, protestantes o pentecostales, ejerciendo presión desde el norte hacia el sur. Actualmente, sin embargo, la dirección de las religiones viajantes ha cambiado. Con el inicio del siglo XXI, dichos flujos han empezado a presionar fuertemente desde el sur hacia el norte. Las nuevas empresas misioneras latinoamericanas auto-definidas como Neopentecostalesque ocasionalmente cuentan con alcance global, impulsan la difusión desde el sur hacia el norte. A cambio, dichas actividades ofrecen compensación en sus países de origen bajo la forma de reconocimiento social y cultural como representantes importantes de la nación en el extranjero. Al mismo tiempo, existe un flujo de creyentes que migran desde países latinoamericanos hacia los Estados Unidos y transforman el panorama de poder religioso en el norte, al desafiar a las iglesias y congregaciones con sus reclamos. Frontera En décadas solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them, los discursos de frontera han adquirido un gran impacto en los estudios culturales, los estudios de migración y los estudios de medios en el contexto de la globalización y su investigación académica desde el giro espacial en la década de los Los años 90 mostraron un renovado interés por cuestiones de espacio y lugar a través de las ciencias sociales. The New Mestizaregistra los procesos híbridos de formación de identidad en la frontera entre México y Estados Unidos, e irrumpe historias de nacionalismo anglocéntrico así como la agenda androcéntrica nacionalista chicana a través de una lente radicalmente feminista. Ambos críticos exploran nuevos imaginarios interculturales como formas de conocimiento subalterno. Otros críticos recientes fomentan paradigmas comparativos de estudios de frontera. Movilidad La migración y los flujos han configurado de manera creciente la mayor parte de los acontecimientos sociales, económicos y culturales recientes en las Américas. El enfoque centrado en el movimiento e itinerarios coincide con el paradigma de investigación de los Estudios de Movilidad, el mismo que ha sido conformado, entre otros, por la investigación sobre migración, turismo, transporte y tecnologías de la comunicación. John Urry distingue entre diversas movilidades interdependientes que producen una vida social organizada a lo largo de la distancia y que configuran y reconfiguran sus contornos Siguiendo a James Clifford y a otros, los paradigmas. De manera similar, hasta la mitad del siglo XIX, la movilidad de las personas negras en el hemisferio estuvo ampliamente definida por movimientos forzados en su calidad de objetos del comercio de esclavos, así como por su inmovilidad impuesta como mano de obra de la plantación. La movilidad de la mujer también estaba frecuentemente restringida, por medio de su confinamiento a las tareas domésticas, y de los códigos de género con respecto a la decencia. Los colonizadores europeos arribaron con un bagaje de sesgos raciales, étnicos y culturales que complementaban las ideas de supremacía occidental por encima de las culturas africana e indígena. La cuestión de las culturas indígenas y la cuestión de la raza representan los grandes desafíos de la modernidad, especialmente en los siglos XX y XXI. Las ideas sobre la diversidad humana y la raza diferían apenas a lo largo de las Américas durante el periodo colonial inicial. Sin embargo, la división entre contextos solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them ingleses e ibéricos distintos dio lugar a categorías y estructuras raciales divergentes. Con el paso del tiempo, las colonias ibéricas se caracterizaron por una mezcla entre europeos, africanos y nativos americanos, de la cual surgieron personas mixtas mestizos que ocuparon categorías intermedias reconocidas en la jerarquía social, junto a los negros libres, quienes habían escapado de la esclavitud por medio de la manumisión o la fuga. Mientras la blancura whiteness se convirtió en el ideal y en la encarnación del poder en el norte, el mestizaje evolucionó hacia un constructo similar pero diferente en los contextos latinoamericanos. En las colonias inglesas, la mezcla ocurrió con menos frecuencia y la descendencia de las uniones mixtas fue clasificada, con el tiempo, bajo las categorías subordinadas negra e indígena, dando lugar a un orden social de mayor segregación racial; la manumisión de esclavos y la huída eran muy limitadas y la mayor parte de la población negra era esclava. Género Conceptos tales como orientalismo y tropicalización demuestran que las políticas de género se encuentran en el centro mismo de las estructuras de poder colonial y neocolonial en las Américas. Un concepto eurocéntrico de supremacía cultural caracteriza la visión del norte con respecto al sur, así como los discursos hegemónicos de los Estados Unidos contra Latinoamérica, el Caribe y las Islas del Pacífico. Estos discursos tropicales duplican el pensamiento orientalista de muchas formas, al crear al otro latinoamericano y caribeño como débil y femenino. Si bien estos discursos son parte de la asimetría e inequidad de género a nivel macro, el micro-nivel se ocupa de la lucha de las mujeres por la equidad sur y norte, y aborda las desviaciones con respecto de las normas heterosexuales. Desde un inicio, los Estudios de Género se basaron en una comprensión relacional de las relaciones de poder. De manera respectiva, también es posible observar una tendencia en cuanto a implementar perspectivas de género en programas de estudios globales y transnacionales en el contexto de los Estudios Interamericanos. Desde un enfoque global relacional, el. Las recientes ideas de Walter Mignolo acerca de futuros globales y opciones decoloniales en El lado oscuro de la modernidad occidental proveen una mayor inspiración para repensar nuestra comprensión de las Américas en referencia a la producción de conocimiento subalterno en particular. De acuerdo al autor, lo decolonial encontró sus primeras voces intelectuales durante la Guerra Fría, en los textos de pensadores e intelectuales africanos, afrocaribeños y afroamericanos. Históricamente, la decolonización tiene a sus predecesores en los movimientos libertarios de inicios del siglo XIX. Independencia y revolución se han convertido en términos claves en el proceso de decolonización. Es posible mencionar a las revoluciones americana y haitiana, o en la independencia mexicana y argentina Lo que conciben críticos como Mignolo, es solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them mundo de pensamiento en el cual coexisten muchos mundos paralelos de pensamiento. Space, Place and Gender. Looking back, the importance of Spain can be occluded, especially in the period of Anglo-American ascendancy from or, more certainly, fromwith the defeat of Napoleon. But this repression, displacement, and negligence of Spain is less certain if we look forward from the landfall of Columbus in The very pillars of Anglo-American myths of the making of nation and empire, like Walter Ralegh and John Smith, looked in part to the Spaniards. Cortés was a model for them despite the making of the Black Legend of Spain in the wake of Las Casas. But Columbus s haunting is also accompanied by the Black Legend, which was brought back out in the Spanish-American War of The French texts, whether in Nicolas Le Challeux or in Montaigne, also represented the Spaniards in ambivalent ways and sometimes denounced them outright. Since then, the stereotyping of Hispanics has relived some of these negative and ambivalent feelings in these representations. Spain set many precedents in the New World and produced many texts about the Americas, but in the solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them of England and France and their colonies and former colonies, it could be relegated or criticized. For indigenous peoples, the situation is more complex still, and the haunting they suffer is from invasion and genocide, not just in relation to the Spanish, but to other Europeans and their descendants as well. This article will also briefly discuss Native perspectives by contemporary Native artists like Jeannette Armstrong and Buffy Sainte-Marie. Governments in the United States and Canada do not represent inter-american identi- 1 For some work in the field during the past decade, cf. Polity, and City of the End of Things. Oxford University Press, American and Canadian Studies as fields have only recently stressed this inter-american aspect in any concerted or widespread way, although of course there have been people writing in English about this comparative view solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them Europe, the Americas, and the Atlantic world since the middle of the 16th century if not before. In my own work, and in this essay, I have tried to make a contribution to this betweenness and comparison in the study of the Americas and the Atlantic world more generally. Here, I have selected from a wide array of topics and examples a number that make more intricate the story of French and English identities in the Americas as well as that of Canada and the United States than those myths based more on a language and nation do. Crossing boundaries and reminding the European narratives of Native views are important for this reconfiguration of these identities and the role of Spain and Hispanic culture in the making of colonies and nations. Although elsewhere I have discussed the role of slavery and of Africans in the New World, I have chosen not to examine that key question here to keep the focus. The Portuguese, then Dutch, then English British not to mention others were slavers on a great scale, and the abolition of slavery was, despite the continued hardship for people of African descent in the Americas, one of the great triumphs over exploitation and cruelty. Europeans, Africans, and Natives all interacted and mixed to create new identities, which is something I have stressed in other work. Here, I shall examine Columbus s representations, Native views, early French and English responses to the Spaniards, translations, refiguring and reimagining Columbus, ambivalent representations of Spain, the end of Spain in the New World, later representations, Native Poets, and Poets and Natives as means to show, in the evidence of texts and images, how mixed these myths of identity are. Tropes and stereotypes cross linguistic, religious, economic, and political borders even as those boundaries shift. The French and the English, not to mention the Dutch and the Italians, all use and abuse Spain in their texts and borrow from one another. The imagery in texts and images is not a simple story of opposition or resistance, of emulation or displacement, but a shifting series of stories, myths, and ideologies. Perhaps the surprise is how durable these representations of Spain are and how they travel in space and time in their ambivalent and contradictory ways. They criss-cross the Atlantic from the late 15th century to the present. The messiness of texts makes it difficult to generalize about the haunting of Spain, so I have elected here to show some of the contours of the traces of Spain in that mimetic network. I begin with Columbus and the Natives. Columbus s Representations and Native Views One of the difficulties for pre-conquest Native documents, as James Lockhart mentions in relation to the Nahuas of central Mexico, is that even the most informative among them were mostly redone under Spanish influence during the s and after Lockhart The Europeans and their American settlers frequently wrote about the Natives from the vantage of conquest and triumph Deloria Jr. Columbus and Spain are recurring tropes, but Columbus himself is a good place to begin in the intricacies of representation, imitation, and identity. ![]() Texts and images seem to affect life and beget more texts and images. Columbus appears to have found encouragement in Pierre d Ailly s Imago Mundi, which stressed the shortness of distance across the Atlantic from Europe to India d Ailly. SIR, As I know that you will be pleased at the great victory with which Our Lord has crowned my voyage, I write this to you, from which you will learn how in thirty-three days, I passed from the Canary Islands to the Indies with the fleet which the most illustrious king and queen, our sovereigns, gave to me Columbus 2. Although Columbus s motivation is difficult to interpret, it appears that he was stressing the abundant land and the timid people in order to highlight potential settlement, conversion, and material exploitation The Natives fled the Spaniards, but later came to give them whatever possessions, like gold, the Spaniards desired. Columbus said that he soon prevented his men from trading worthless things for gold During the first three decades of the conquestthere was no Native chronicler of the encounter. Bartolomé de Las Casas wrote a defence of the Native population Brotherston There, inKing Charles of Spain convened theologians and philosophers to debate whether the Indians were human beings with culture or brutes, as Aristotle defined them, who could become servants to the civilized nations. Since the conquest or encounter inEuropeans had viewed the Natives from a theological perspective in which they were identified with the lost peoples of the New Testament or as brutes who originated in the Americas Deloria, Jr. Las Casas insisted that the Indians were members of a human civil society Pagden Cf. Anthony Grafton assumes Columbus read d Ailly: The Power of Tradition and the Shock of Discovery. Harvard University, Anthony Pagden discusses Columbus s attitude to gold and the way in which he shrank the globe. Pagden, Ius et Factum: University of California, For the original Spanish, cf. The annals of the Valley of Mexico involve an account of Cortés s invasion of the Aztec empire that is copied from a screenfold that recorded the history of metropolitan Tenochtitlan from the twelfth to the 16h century. Moreover, the annal notes the presence of the Europeans popoloca in the calendar when they intervene directly in important affairs of state, an Algonkin account of Europeans entering North America 17th century. The Tupi taunt of French missionaries in Brazil includes a carbet or the form used by braves to taunt rivals through instances of the braves prowess. The account of Europeans arriving in the late 16th century on the mid-atlantic shore of North America occurs near the end of the second part of the Walum Olum of the Lenape-Algonkin. This section describes in chronicle form the list of successive Lenape sachems chiefs over a few centuries Brotherston The representation of Natives and the Amerindian representation of Europeans have left evidence in the wake of Columbus. After Columbus s landfall in the New World, the papacy also played a role in legitimizing exploration. The French and the English had not taken up Columbus s enterprise of the Indies as Spain had, so they had to try to catch the Spanish. In this they had to contravene the wishes and the gift of the pope. The bull of May 4, responded to Columbus s first voyage to the New World and divided the parts of the world yet unknown to Christians into two spheres, one for Spain and the other for Portugal. The pope, who had Iberian connections, issued a direct threat to those who might not accept his donation under the penalty of excommunication late sententiae to be incurred ipso facto Davenport I: Although the Spanish and the Portuguese accepted the terms of this bull, they shifted the line of demarcation from leagues to leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands in the Treaty of Tordesillas in Even though Spain and Solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them claimed the spheres of ownership that the pope had set out, they gave each other rights of passage across each other s territory. Spain and Portugal also confirmed the changes to the bull Inter caetera in the Treaty of Madrid in Furthermore, the bull Ea quae ofissued after Vasco da Gama had rounded the Cape of Good Hope, also made this confirmation. France resisted this donation, but its monarchs issued commissions to their own explorers that included instructions for them not to seize land already claimed by another Christian prince. Some solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them, as in the fisheries, could be transnational. From Bristol, inmerchants 5 All the bulls and treaties mentioned here, as well as other documents, can be found in Davenport I: The Past and Identities in English and French America 31 from the Azores and England joined together to petition for a patent to seek out the new lands in the northwestern Atlantic Williamson The Company of Adventurers to the New Found Lands served as a model for later companies that helped to extend English trade and settlement to new lands. Early French Responses Like Columbus, Binot Paulmier de Gonneville, who sailed in and probably reached Brazil, also had his intricate interpretation of the Native peoples he met, but their meaning was not always as simple and clear as these European captains thought de Gonneville. On the way home, a debate occurred about whether Namoa, the companion of Essomericq who developed a terrible fever, should be baptized. In the account, Gonneville, like Columbus, represented good Natives and bad Natives de Gonneville The Spanish knew the coast north to Florida but not to the cod fisheries. The hope for a short northwest passage to Asia remained, and the French, English, and Spanish searched for such a passage. Giovanni da Verrazzano, who sought such a westward passage to Asia, was a Florentine living in Rouen and a member of a network of Italian merchants, principally from Florence, who lived in Lyon, Paris, and Rouen and traded under the French flag Wroth Verrazzano s expedition of raided the Spanish coast. Afterward, it proceeded to North America at 34 degrees solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them latitude, then sailed north to avoid Spanish ships. Like Gonneville, Verrazzano had some similarities to Columbus. He seems to have thought that the Hatteras banks were a long, thin finger of land that separated the Ocean Sea from the Indian Ocean. Verrazzano s narrative was long neglected in France. The neglect or unfortunate fate of the relation of Cartier s second voyage and Jean Ribault s narrative are other instances of French originals or versions being lost. Unfortunately, we do not have Verrazzano s original report in French for the king. However, four Italian versions have been preserved, Ramusio s version of being the only one known for years, and an English translation of the Italian text in Ramusio appeared in Divers Voyages and The Principal Navigations by Richard Hakluyt the Younger. Giovanni Battista Ramusio, Navigationi et Viaggi. John Harris, Navigantium atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca: Like Columbus s texts, Verrazzano s work displays textual uncertainty. There are four versions of Verrazzano s narrative of the voyage. Three of these are full accounts in Italian in the form of a letter from the leader of the expedition, Verrazzano, to François I, who authorized the voyage: Verrazzano addressed François I and described how they sailed along the coast of Spain ready for war. His account portrays the kindness which the Natives showed by rescuing one of the young French sailors in rough seas Wroth; Julien et al. Moreover, Verrazzano described the beauty of the men and women of one of the aboriginal peoples Wroth; Julien et al. Some of his ideal representations of Natives and land were reminiscent of Columbus and foreshadowed Montaigne. Like Columbus and Gonneville, Verrazzano met friendly Natives and unfriendly Natives, who, after trading, mocked the French by showing their buttocks and laughing. Still, they offered Verrazzano and his crew no violence Wrothf ; Julien et al. The trope of or belief in good Natives, bad Natives as well as the solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them over whether Natives possessed a human nature occurs when Verrazzano says: We made no contact with the people and we think they were, like the others, devoid of manner and humanity Wroth Spain and Columbus continued to haunt French editors, translators, explorers, and others. The opening of a French translation of Peter Martyr echoed this view of a universal evangelization and placed Columbus and Spain at the origin of the exploration of the New World d Anghiera 1. Cartier was asked to find solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them lands full of riches and to discover a passage to Cathay by the west Julien et al. His first voyage in accomplished neither of these aims, but in July, solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them, he planted a great cross in the Gaspé and took possession of Canada for his king Gagnon. Cartier brought back two Natives as proof of the discovery and as potential interpreters, a common custom from Columbus onward Julien et al. A desire for gold, based on the Spanish experience in Mexico and Peru, prompted François I to support Cartier in a second voyage. The French seem to have been able to keep these voyages quiet from the English, Portuguese, and Spanish Julien et al. From tothe king of France waited to see how the pope would answer Charles V s hope for a condemnation of those who 8 Tongues London, René Herval s French translation, Giovanni da Verrazzano et les Dieppois à la Recherche du Cathay. Rouen and Caen,was based on Alessandro Bacchiani s Italian text edition and was republished in Julien et al. For a detailed account of the versions of the text, cf. On the discovery, cf. God and gold mixed as much for the French as for the Spaniards in the New World. The French tried to explore in Brazil, Canada, and Florida. In the Dieppe version, the title page of Nicolas Le Challeux s discourse on this event displayed outrage with the Spanish: Discourse of the history of Florida, containing the treason of the Spaniards, against the subjects of the King, in the year Written in truth by those who are left. A thing so lamentable to hear, that was premeditatedly and cruelly executed by the said Spaniards: Against the authority of our Sire, the King, to the loss and injury of all our kingdom Le Challeux 1. The ghost of Spanish authority and the possibility of Spanish retaliation haunted the voyage even in its commission. London,Ribault talks of discoveries, countries who have had this honour, riches, and God. For other discussions of this conflict, which, along with the war in the Netherlands, fed the Black Legend, cf. Le Challeux s original reads: Discours de l histoire de la Floride, contenant la trahison des Espagnols, contre les subiets du Roy, en l an mil cinq cens soixante cinq. Dieppe, This is the edition I am using in Houghton Library, Harvardexcept I am drawing on one of the two editions, which do not specify a place of publication, that scholars think were printed in Paris. Another edition appeared in Lyon during the same year. The translation of the title and Le Challeux s text are mine here and below. Now during this cruelty Captain Jean Ribaud made some remonstances to Vallemande to save his life. Ottigny threw himself at his feet, reminding him of his promise, but all that accomplished nothing, for when they turned their backs, he walked a few paces behind them and one of his executioners hit Captain Jean Ribaud from behind with a stroke of the dagger, so he fell to the earth and then very soon afterwards, he [the executioner] gave two or three strokes, so that he took way his life Le Challeux Le Challeux s work is a seminal text in the making of the Black Legend and in the relations of the French and English to solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them Spanish. Michel de Montaigne also represents the Spanish. In his essay on cannibals Montaigne focuses on the French and Europeans in relation to the New World, but in Des Coches he concentrates on the Spanish. We have from themselves these narratives, for they not only confess but publish and extol them III: For Montaigne, the Spaniards exceeded the force necessary in conquest and have met with providential justice f. A Huguenot hostile to Spain, he was a diplomat serving Henri de Navarre. Sur les moyens de diminuer l Espaignol, in April In this work, Duplessis-Mornay said that Philip II was a tyrant who was undermining France, the Netherlands, and Europe and maintained that France and England should blockade Spanish shipping and that France should attack ships in the Spanish in the New World to intercept the bullion that permitted the king of Spain to tyrannize Europe. Not only did Duplessis-Mornay s anti-spanish themes echo like positions in Francis Drake and Gaspar de Coligny, but they also foreshadowed those in Hakluyt the Younger. According to Duplessis-Mornay, although 13 I am interpreting picque here as pike but it might be a pick or pickaxe. In this edition in Houghton Library, 52 is misnumbered as 54, which I have emended. Paris,cited in Seed John Florio s Translation. A kind of intertextuality occurred among texts in Spanish, English, and other languages. Paradoxically, the forging of national identities seems to cross national boundaries through translation and shared economic and religious interests. The English and the French had separate and shared interests that were often focused through representations of Spain and its empire in the New World. Early English Responses The English wrote few early narratives of exploration or few survived. Other texts in the 16th century do contribute a sense of how Spain haunted the textual record of the expansion of England into the western Atlantic. Richard Eden s work suggests the intricacy of the English response to the alliance with Spain and plans for exploration. It appeared when England was showing a revived concern with voyages, trade, and the New World. Much of this voyaging derived from the necessity of finding new trading partners. Richard Eden brought out A Treatyse of the newe India, his translation of a section of the fifth book of Sebastian Münster s cosmography Eden, A treatyse 5. Eden expressed dismay at the gulf between English knowledge of the New World and that of other Europeans, especially the Spanish 5. Through imitation, Eden implied, the English could assume their place beside the Spanish and Portuguese in a passage to Asia. After Mary ascended the throne, Eden brought out another work The Decades of the Newe Worlde of West India a translation of Peter Martyr that shifted from competing with the Spanish to a vision of a joint imperial destiny brought about by the marriage of Philip and Mary. Eden reports that he was in the crowd on August 18, to watch the procession of Philip and Mary and says that he decided on translations that would celebrate the glory of Philip s ancestors in the New World, which in turn would glorify Philip. All Spanish glory led to Philip b1. In this logic of imitation, Eden portrays himself as following Martyr in a tradition of Spanish historiography in which the historians also participated in history. The book became a monument to action. By returning to papal authority on which Spain s claim to the New World rests, Eden resembles English and French writers about the New World before and after him. The role of the pope in the donation of territory is something that is solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them over and over in texts about the Americas Eccles The legacy of these bulls still made a mark in France and England with writers, like Eden, who concerned themselves with the New World. Nonetheless, these countries continued to challenge the grounds of papal authority in these matters. InColumbus helped to defeat the greate serpente of the sea Leviathan who misted the eyes of men and kept them from these new lands Eden, The Decades a3r. Eden supplements biblical authority and providential history with dynastic genealogy. Philip and Mary share a glorious Spanish past, which Eden brings together through allusion to Catherine of Aragon, which also solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them English readers that this was not the first Spanish match. Eden makes the trope of example of Spain more explicit: The Spanyardes haue shewed a good exemple to all Chrystian nations to folowe c1r. Eden wants the English to follow the example of Spain and become spiritual Israelites from one promised land to another. The haunting by Spain can be ambivalent as Eden can express impatience for his own country s lagging behind Spain much the way Richard Hakluyt the Younger, Marc Lescarbot, and others in England and France. In praising Spain, Eden reveals the deficiencies of his own country s contribution to colonization of the New World and understood the motives of the Spaniards for colonization were gold and God Eden, The Decades c3r. Although Eden praises 21 Eden uses the phrase in mundo theatro. The Past and Identities in English and French America 37 Spain and chastises England so much, he concludes by placing the accomplishment of England above that of Spain, including the voyage of Columbus he had lauded so much, that is the English attempt by the north seas to discouer the mightie and riche empire of Cathay d3r. Eden includes translations of the dedications that both Martyr and Oviedo presented to Charles V. In Oviedo s Epistle to his Summario, Columbus s discovery was central, but the author compares his dedication to Charles to be like that of his model, Pliny, to the Roman emperor v, d3v-d4v, vr. During the s a shift occurred from Eden s work in the s. Protestants solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them France challenged Spain in the New World. These Huguenots became positive examples, for English Protestants, but soon their destruction at the hands of the Spanish in Florida provided, in France and England, a negative instance of Spanish cruelty. This violence against the Huguenots in Florida became one of the main strands of the Black Legend of Spain. Through translation, the English increased the intricacy of their response to the ghost of Spain by doing more than imitating Columbus and the Spanish colonization of the New World. The English writers began to build up their own case against the Spanish. Humphrey Gilbert is a case in point. He was close to Elizabeth I. Gilbert preferred exploration of the New World and Irish solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them Continental politics to developing the eastward trade to Muscovy. Inhe wrote A Discourse of a Discoverie for a new Passage to Cataia, Written by Sir Humfrey Gilbert, Knight, and he presented a petition to the court asking for the vice-regal and territorial privileges similar to those Columbus had obtained in Morison Columbus was to be a model for Gilbert even as he planned to create a colony in territory that Spain claimed Canny Elected a burgess for Plymouth in the parliament ofGilbert held in a command in the queen s expedition to support the Dutch against the Spanish. During this time he wrote a proposal for a new academy in London Morison Like Portugal and Spain, England should have a school of navigation. Inthe queen did not create this school, but she granted Gilbert letters patent of great importance as a colonial charter The legal ground of the patent both recognized and denied the papal donation to Spain and Portugal by avoiding where these countries had colonized but claiming any lands the English would occupy. Gilbert was given viceregal powers like those delegated to Columbus and to Roberval in Canada. In it, America asked her sister, England, to rescue her from cruel Spaniards. Moreover, America recalled that Cabot sailed there just after Columbus while begging Elizabeth I to extend her rule to the New World f. Parmenius also develops the motif of England s rescue of America or the Natives from Spain, which became a recurring theme in the English literature of promotion. The use of Latin and translation also complicated French and English representations of Spain in the vernacular. Translations French and English translation of Spanish texts reflected various points solteros de fond du lac reporter obituaries all of them view. Gómara provided a different account of Spanish America from the version of Las Casas. Craigslist mujeres solteras las vegas - Find single woman in the US with footing. el chat gratis en alquiler en la categoría relaciones ocasionales north las vegas. about conocer mujeres solteras buscando pareja en jalisco, nevada con un. Craigslist mujeres solteras las vegas - Join the leader in online dating services página nº1 en las vegas en las vegas com chicas en las vegas, nevada. Hombres ny - busca hombre en la categoría relaciones ocasionales north las vegas. Solteras Las Vegas - Busca y Encuentra Solteras Las Vegas, Nevada con weebly, el sitio de búsqueda de Busco una pareja estable, soy una mujer. Los organizadores de la manifestaciуn en Valencia aseguran que hay 80. En ltima instancia de la citas en lnea. ![]() Por lo general llevan bateras (pilas), me ha sido de gran ayuda. Por aqui os dejo un refugio muy guapo por Huesca. En todo caso el uso de este mapa es libre y no nos hacemos responsables de posibles sanciones. Que hay acerca del Ambiente Gay en París?? Zonas, antros, bares, tiendas, etc. Espero no El barrio de Le Marais es el núcleo gay de la ciudad. . Paris a fondo "rutas"; Utilidades de los mapas interactivos y como usarlos. Por las calles de Le Marais se concentra la comunidad gay en París. Cafés y bares de ambiente: L'Open café, SlyBar, Les Agités, Spyce En el se recuerda mediante audiovisuales, fotos y mapas, la crueldad del. Guía compacta y actualizada continuamente, inclusive mapas gay de París y. LE MARAIS, EL BARRIO MAS CHIC Y GAY DE PARISEn el periodo de entreguerras los barrios de Montmartre y Pigalle toman un lugar preponderante en la geografía de los lugares gay, aunque hay muchos otros locales y lugares de encuentro dispersados por toda la capital. París canta, París baila, y los gays participan a la fiesta. La Segunda Guerra Mundial pone un término a esta expansión de los lugares de ambiente. Where's the Nightlife in Paris?La clandestinidad se impone. Pero incluso estos pocos espacios de libertad desaparecen con la adopción, el 6 de agosto dede una ley de represión homófoba. ![]() El final de la guerra no conlleva desgraciadamente la bocanada de oxigeno que los gays han estado esperando. La ley que citamos anteriormente continua vigente, no es abolida, y los discursos médicos acerca de la homosexualidad rivalizan en imaginación para hacer que se encierre a los homosexuales en los manicomios. Gay and lesbian travel guide to ParisUna cierta liberación hace su aparición en la década de los Los maricas afluyen al Café de Flore así como al drugstore. Sin embargo, es al otro lado del Sena que un embrión de barrio gay empieza a emerger. La calle Sainte-Anne concentra los clubes privados, saunas y primeros bares oficialmente de ambiente. Se dice que Jane Birkin, acompañada de Serge Gainsbourg, se disfrazó de chico para entrar. Durante unos veinte años, los gays se diseminan a ambos lados del Sena, que el puente del Carrusel bares gay en paris mapa este lugar, así como las terrazas y bosquecillos del jardín de las Tullerías, se convierten en lugar de ligue al aire libre, y lo han sido hasta nuestros días. Dos clubes van propulsar el barrio a la estratosfera de la homosexualidad afirmada: Estos clubes simbolizan la modernidad de la vida de los gays y dejan completamente anticuados los clubes de Saint-Germain y de la calle Sainte-Anne. Tras la despenalización, otros lugares gay aparecen, como el Club, en la calle Saint-Denis. Los pioneros se llaman el Village o el Central. Las publicaciones que no siguen nuestras directrices son eliminadas, y nos reservamos el derecho a hacerlo cuando lo consideremos oportuno. TripAdvisor utiliza cookies para mejorar tu experiencia de navegación. Al continuar, aceptas nuestras cookies. Aquí, en Mis viajes, puedes encontrar todos los sitios que hayas guardado. Inicia sesión para recibir novedades sobre viajes e intercambiar mensajes con otros viajeros. ![]() Iniciar sesión Unirse Vistos recientemente Reservas Buzón. Ambiente Gay en Paris: Ambiente Gay en Paris. Examinar foros Todos Navegación por destino. ![]() Entrada de acceso prioritario a la Torre Eiffel con anfitrión. Empezar una nueva conversación. Ver todas las conversaciones: Novotel Paris Centre Gare Montparnasse. Hotel Signature St Germain des Pres. Pullman Paris Tour Eiffel. Hotel Malte - Astotel. ¿Este vestido es azul y negro o blanco y dorado? La percepción del color del vestido cambia según la persona, y los científicos han Estas chicas compraron sus vestidos online pero el resultado fue una catástrofe. Crochet Style ~: Mini Vestido Azul y Negro- Vestidos para chicas que no quieren lo de siempre en sus XV años. Vestidos De Fiesta CortosVestidos De. Estos son 15 Vestidos de color negro que vas a querer usar en tus XV. el morado, azul y verde como los tonos principales de un vestido, ¿qué pasa con los. Os dejo un par de lugares donde es posible la acampada libre el el Pas Valenci. ![]() Para singlessolteros que buscan novio novia. Siacute;, Jumilla y Pinoso hay dos dos refugios uno ms grande con literas su comedor etc y se tienes que pedir permiso al ayuntamiento de Jumilla y otro en punto geodesico del carche es una pequea cabaa que puedes hacer noche, ac en Chile quizs no exista el pesario.
Consulte con su médico si algún lunar o marca cambia de tamaño o de color. Usted debería consultar con un médico para que le revise cualquier lunar de aspecto irregular, de mayor crecimiento, que No me es de ayudaDe gran ayuda. Entonces sí que debemos acudir al especialista para que nos haga un .. tengo muchos lunares, n(no pecas) ahora ultimo me estan saliendo. Tengo 17 años y últimamente me están saliendo muchos lunares nuevos pequeños y algunas manchitas rojas, como puntitos, muy pequeñas. Agradecemos de antemano a todos nuestros lectores su esfuerzo y su aportación. Alma, Corazón, Vida Viajes. Autor El Confidencial Contacta al autor. Tiempo de lectura 2 min. Llevas tiempo pensando en hacerte uno, pero no acabas de dar con el diseño ideal. ![]() Echa el freno y antes entérate de los daños de entintar tu piel. Por Berta Mina 3. Respuestas clave para las quemaduras Por Aurora Vasco Campos 0. En cualquier caso, ante cambios en lunares regla ABCDEsea en las manos, los pies o cualquier otra parte del cuerpo es fundamental consultar con un dermatólog opor si las moscas…. El objetivo del blog es divulgativo, y no se atienden consultas personales. Puedes contarme qué pasó con tu hija??? Estoy en una situación similar. Buen día Doctora; tengo un hermano de 6 años de edad, nació con un lunar café oscuro en la planta del pie; sin embargo lo que me preocupa es que es irregular porque me estan saliendo lunares no tiene relieve o textura es igual que la piel de la planta del pie. El lunar es alargado de aprox. Muchas gracias de antemano por la respuesta. Por eso te recomiendo que acudas a un dermatólogo. El objetivo de este blog es divulgativo y no es posible atender consultas personales. Hola hace tres días me salió un lunar en el dedo de lado inferior palma de la mano no sé sí es normal y me asusta mucho. Loreahace un mes a mi novio le salió un lunar en la palma de la mano y ahora descubrí que yo tengo el mismo lunar un la palma de la mano el mismoque puede ser?? Sin verlo es difícil saber qué puede ser; pero en cualquier caso los lunares no se contagian. En porque me estan saliendo lunares blog no se atienden consultas personales. Lorea, hace pocos menos de un año me salio una mancha morada en la planta de mi pie,y hasta ahora dicha mancha a crecido en forma desordenada es de color morado como una hematoma,es de preocuparse que opina ud.?? Las intervención de extirpación de nevus suele ser sencilla. El reposo estricto no suele ser necesario se puede caminar, aunque no se recomiendan largas caminatas ni horas de pie. En cualquier caso, depende de la localización y el tamaño del lunar. Sin verlo no es posible dar datos exactos. Lo mejor es que lo hable con su dermatólogo, ya que en el Blog actualmente porque me estan saliendo lunares se atienden consultas personales. En cualquier caso, ante la duda, lo mejor es que consultes con un dermatólogo. Hace ya unos años, no se cuantos exactamente me ha salido una linea Gris en el dedo pulgar derecho. A Qué Se Deben Los Lunares Rojos En La Piel - Remedios NaturalesActualmente no se atienden consultas personales en el blog. Si ver la lesión es difícil aventurarse en un porque me estan saliendo lunares. Lo mejor es que consulte con un dermatólogo. Hoy me percaté que le salió un lunar del mismo tamaño, idéntico al anterior, como a 4 cm de distancia, en la misma planta del pie, es como si de un día para otro le saliera, es malo? ¿Por qué salen los lunares?Hola, me llamo Ana hace casi un año me quitaron por operación un nevus de dos o tres milímetros que estaba casi en la planta del pie era como un punto negro, en la playa me lo descubrí que era marrón oscuro y después se puso negro. Los lunares pueden cambiar de aspecto o desaparecer con el tiempo. El aspecto de los lunares cancerosos malignos varía mucho. Algunos pueden presentar todas las características antes mencionadas. Otros solo pueden presentar una o dos. La melanina es un pigmento natural que proporciona color a la piel. ¿Cómo identificar si un lunar es canceroso? - 19 de febrero de 2013Se produce en células llamadas melanocitos. Los lunares surgen cuando las células de la piel melanocitos crecen en grupos o aglomeraciones. Los melanocitos se distribuyen por toda la piel y producen melanina, el pigmento natural que le da color a tu piel. El melanoma es la complicación principal de los lunares. Algunas personas tienen un riesgo mayor que el promedio de que sus lunares se vuelvan cancerosos y se conviertan en melanoma. Entre los factores que aumentan el riesgo de padecer melanoma se encuentran los siguientes:. Las siguientes medidas pueden ayudar a limitar la aparición de lunares y el melanoma, la principal complicación de estos. Familiarízate con la ubicación y patrón de tus lunares. Examínate regularmente la piel para detectar cambios que puedan indicar la presencia de melanomas. Hazte un examen de cuerpo entero con la ayuda de espejos que incluya el cuero cabelludo, las palmas y las uñas de los dedos de las manos, las axilas, el pecho, las piernas y los pies, incluidas las plantas de los pies y los espacios que hay entre los dedos. Habla con el médico sobre los porque me estan saliendo lunares de riesgo de padecer melanoma y si necesitas hacerte un examen de piel profesional en forma regular. Toma medidas para protegerte la piel contra la radiación ultravioleta UV ; por ejemplo, protégete del sol o de las camas solares. ![]() La radiación ultravioleta se ha relacionado con un mayor riesgo de tener melanoma. Mayo Clinic no respalda compañías ni productos. Las recaudaciones de los avisos comerciales financian nuestra misión sin fines de lucro. Échales un vistazo a estos títulos exitosos y a las ofertas especiales de libros y boletines informativos de Mayo Clinic. Este contenido no tiene una versión en inglés. avia sportswear dibujo a color basket basketball deporte diseño camisetas t-shirt design illustration ilustración boceto a lápiz Tiranosaurus. Your superstar is ready for action, get going, Let us help with stylish active girls sportswear clothing from The Children's Place, shop sweat shirts Al navegar por este sitio web, aceptas el uso de cookies para medir estadísticas de uso, para proporcionarte ofertas y anuncios personalizados en función de. Al otro lado, la carretera que une Madrid con el El Pardo, la M más de mensajes que hay en la web especializada en “sitios para. Aviso legal. Accessibilitat. Mapa web. Fecha y hora oficiales: 24 enero , h. Ajuntament de Castelldefels. Consorci Administració Oberta de. ![]() Había mucha química, pero escuchaba Kiss FM, y cuando ella le comentó que le gustaba David Bowieél contestó que prefería a David Guetta. O aquella vez en la que Enrique 30 años triunfó en Grindr con una foto que se hizo con Manuela Carmenaactual alcaldesa de Madrid, durante la campaña de las elecciones municipales. En muchas ocasiones, añaden sus usuarios, también de modales. Hay quienes te dicen: Él lo primero que hizo cuando estrenó su smartphone fue descargarse Grindr, pero ahora lleva cuatro meses sin sitios de citas legales en Espana. Hubo una tarde que me tiré cinco horas y no quedé con nadie. Me enfadaba conmigo mismo, pero al mismo tiempo estaba buscando que me dijeran lo bueno que estaba. A mí estas aplicaciones me minan la autoestima: Un signo de veteranía. Ella dice no, a ella le dicen no. Es parte del juego. El año pasado presenció cómo la hija de unos amigos abría sus regalos de Reyes. Retiraba el envoltorio, miraba el juguete unos segundos, lo apartaba y abría el siguiente. He aprendido a disfrutarlo, pero me encantaría regresar a lo tradicional. Lo triste de las apps es que no te tomas el tiempo de descubrir a la otra persona. ![]() Yo he tenido relaciones en las que, ante la primera crisis, una de mis respuestas ha sido volver a mirar Tinder. Son herramientas frívolas, pero no creo que esto las inhabilite para entablar relaciones duraderas. Enrique es menos optimista. Conozco muy pocos casos de parejas que hayan salido de encuentros fortuitos vía apps como Grindr o Wapo. Y la culpa era de las aplicaciones. De nuevo, Eastwick apela a la evidencia científica: Para la primera, me depilé y maquillé, lavé el coche, me puse la mejor ropa interior. Y dos horas antes el tío me canceló. Aprendes, y a la sexta te pones rímel y a correr. Cuanta menos importancia le das, menos te duele. No es un fracaso: En mi experiencia, también se busca pareja. tijuana por la coahuilaMe he encontrado a muchos como yo: Perpetrada la venganza, se volvió ante los allí presentes y aclaró: En el libro, sitios de citas legales en Espana a base de hemeroteca y recuerdos personales, Martín Gaite describió cómo éramos. Sobre todo, cómo era ser mujer en esa España. Si el marido era infiel, que lo hiciera de tapadillo, así nada pasaba. El divorcio no existía: Las jovencitas que se metían a monja recibían admiración; las solteronas, piedad y desdén. Ellas, por supuesto, debían llegar vírgenes al matrimonio. Sin ese paso adelante, subraya, hoy no estaríamos hablando de aplicaciones. Al menos, no sin compromiso. La aplicación reaccionó rebajando el porcentaje: No ponen foto en sus perfiles o, si lo hacen, se cuidan de que no se les reconozca, explican varios entrevistados. ![]() También, añaden, existe otra categoría: Pero a los que no tienen pareja no les preocupa en exceso ni la privacidad ni el uso que se haga de sus datos. No existe el estigma que antaño se asociaba a los sitios de citas, pero los usuarios de estas apps quieren controlar la información: Mi chica es muy joven y en su entorno de amigas de su edad, 26, 27, 28 años, utilizan Tinder para tener sexo. Se dio de alta en Badoo —su red mundial supera los millones de usuarios, aseguran, pero no facilitan datos de España— y AdoptaUnTío. En total, echa cuentas, quedó con unas 30 o 40 mujeres. Las de tres —con chicas distintas— eran habituales. Por su parte, el portavoz de la Asociación de Empresarios de Locales de Alterne Anela, José Roca, asegura que en la mayoría de estos establecimientos "las señoritas pagan diariamente un alojamiento con habitación y pensión completa y después alternan en el bar y consiguen a sus clientes ", a los que les cobran lo que ellas quieren. De este modo, defiende que "en la mayoría de sitios" el negocio del establecimiento es independiente del de la trabajadora del sexo, aunque es cierto que también los hay en los que "cobran unas comisiones a las chicas, pero eso ya sería proxenetismo". ![]() Los burdeles "se disfrazan como hostelería"tal y como señala el profesor de Derecho Administrativo de la Universidad de Extremadura. Estas cifras son similares a las manejadas por Anela, que calculan que en España podría haber unos 1. Prostitución en Guadalajara DocumentalAunque en ocasiones se identifica la trata de personas con la prostitución y la explotación sexual, son conceptos diferentes: La trata es, en sus propias palabras, "todo el recorrido que lleva desde la captación hasta la explotación --sexual o laboral-- pero sin incluir la explotación"; por lo que si una persona comete trata de personas y las explota, se le imputarían dos delitos. La trata de personas es un delito perseguido y castigado a nivel internacional. ¿Es legal la prostitución en España? Situación de la prostitución en España.España aplica un plan específico para luchar contra ella cuando es con fines de explotación sexualque en febrero de este año dio comienzo a su segunda fase con el aumento de la presión sobre los clientes de prostitución. La primera fase del plan mencionado se inició en abril de y acabó con 1. Como se puede ver en la tabla, las sitios de citas legales en Espana de personas identificadas como víctimas de este delito en España ha ido variando a lo largo de los años. La mayoría de las mujeres que se prostituyen son obligadas a hacerlo por parte de mafias de trata de personas. |